Narural Hazards 🌋

Question 1

What is a natural hazard?

Answer 1

Natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to humans or destroy property and possessions

Question 2

What is a natural disaster?

Answer 2

A natural hazard that has actually happened

Question 3

What are the two main types of hazards?

Answer 3

Geological
Meteorological

Question 4

What is a geological hazard?

Answer 4

Caused by land and tectonic plates e.g. earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and avalanches

Question 5

What is a meteorological hazard?

Answer 5

Caused by weather and climate e.g. topical storms and other extreme weather

Question 6

What is hazard risk?

Answer 6

Probability of people being affected by a hazard in an area

Question 7

What factors can affect hazard risk?

Answer 7

• vulnerability
• capacity to cope
• nature of natural hazards

Question 8

How does vulnerability affect natural hazards?

Answer 8

• more people in exposed area, more likely to be affect by hazard
• e.g. more people on floodplain are more likely to experience floods (extreme weather)

Question 9

How does capacity to cope affect hazard risk?

Answer 9

• better a place can cope with hazards, lower risk of them being severely affected
• e.g. HICs can cope better with hazards as they can afford to put protection in high-risk areas

Question 10

How does the nature of natural hazards affect the hazard risk?

Answer 10

• type: risk from some hazards is greater than others
• frequency: more often = more risk
• magnitude: higher magnitude = higher risk

Question 11

What is a primary affect?

Answer 11

The effects of natural disasters that are the immediate impacts caused by hazard

Question 12

Examples of primary effects?

Answer 12

• buildings and roads destroyed
• people killed/injured
• crops and water supplies damaged/contaminated
• cutting off supplies

Question 13

What is a secondary effect?

Answer 13

Happen later on, often as a result of the primary effect

Question 14

What are some examples of secondary effects?

Answer 14

• initial hazard can trigger other ones (e.g. earthquake —> tsunami)
• emergency vehicles can’t get through due to blocked roads
• shortage of food and water
• lack of sanitation means disease spreads
• country’s economy is weakened

Question 15

What are some examples of immediate responses to hazards?

Answer 15

• evacuate people
• treat and rescue people
• recover dead bodies (prevents disease)
• temporary electricity and gas
• provide food, water and shelter
• foreign governments send aid, supplies or money

Question 16

What are some examples of long-term responses to hazards?

Answer 16

• repair/rehouse people who lost homes
• repair/rebuild buildings, roads, railways, etc
• reconnect electricity, gas, water, etc
• improve forecasting, monitoring and evacuation plans
• improve buildings
• boost economic recovery