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Toxicology > Drugs of abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Opioids is from

A

Papaver somniferum

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2
Q

Opioids natural

A

Opium, (Morphine (pure agonist)

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3
Q

Semi-synthetic opioids

A

Heroin (Diacetylmorphine), Codeine (Methylmorphine)

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4
Q

Synthetic opioids

A

Methadone & Meperidine

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5
Q

Moa of opioids

A

All bind to opioid receptors- Mu, Kappa, Delta

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6
Q

Meperidine cause

A

Seizure

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7
Q

Treatment for an opioid that is a full antagonist

A

Naloxone

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8
Q

Treatment for an opioid that is competitive but may precipitate withdrawal symptoms in an addicted patient

A

Naltrexone, Nalorphine, Nalmefene

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9
Q

Opioid toxicity this drug can limit further GI absorption

A

Activated charcoal

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10
Q

Alternative for ADHD

A

Amphetamine

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11
Q

Amphetamine is a ___ agent

A

Sympathomimetic

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12
Q

Amphetamine used in

A

Hypertension, Arrhythmias, seizure, CNS stimulation

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13
Q

Amphetamine moa

A

Increase dopamine activity in the brain

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14
Q

Amphetamine treatment for seizures

A

Diazepam, Phenytoin

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15
Q

Amphetamine treatment for psychosis/agitation

A

Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Diazepam

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15
Q

Amphetamine treatment for psychosis/agitation

A

Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Diazepam

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16
Q

Amphetamine treatment for hypertensive crisis

A

b-blocker, a-blockers

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17
Q

Amphetamine treatment for arrhythmias

A

Propranolol, Lidocaine

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18
Q

Benzodiazepine + ___ = fatal CNS and respiratory depression

A

alcohol

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19
Q

Benzodiazepine MOA

A

potentiate neurotransmitter - GABA inhibitory

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of bzd

A

Drowsiness, Ataxia, Confusion

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21
Q

BZD treatment

A

Flumazenil

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22
Q

Barbiturates is enzyme inducers or inhibitors?

A

Enzyme inducer

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23
Q

Used in the induction of anesthesia and seizures

A

Barbiturates

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24
Q

Mild signs and symptoms of barbiturates

A

Slurred speech, Ataxia

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25
Q

Severe signs and symptoms of barbiturates

A

Comatose with the absence of deep tendon reflexes, Cheyne-Stokes (irregular) respiration

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26
Q

Barbiturates treatment

A

Force Alkaline diuresis (NaHCO3); Hemodialysis

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27
Q

In-vivo via alcohol dehydrogenase -> Trichloroethanol

A

Chloral hydrate

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28
Q

Chloral hydrate aka

A

Knock-out drops

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29
Q

Chloral hydrate treatment

A

Supportive

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30
Q

Are substances that alter sensory processing in the brain, causing depersonalization, perceptual disturbances & changes in thought processing

A

Hallucinogens

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31
Q

LSD means

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

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32
Q

Ergot derivates

A

LSD

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33
Q

LSD moa

A

Stimulates serotogenic receptors, increases level of 5-HT5

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34
Q

Signs and symptoms of LSD

A

Increased suicidal tendency, altered mental status

35
Q

Treatment for LSD

A

Benzodiazepine

36
Q

Mescaline is from

A

Peyote cactus (Lophora williamsii), buttons

37
Q

Related to amphetamine

A

Mescaline

38
Q

One of the first phenylalanine hallucinogens identified

A

Mescaline

39
Q

Other name for ecstacy

A

E, Adam, XTC

40
Q

Ecstacy Moa

A

acts like a false neurotransmitter

41
Q

Ecstacy toxic dose

A

50-150 mg

42
Q

Signs and symptoms of Ecstacy

A

Hypotension, cardiac arrest

43
Q

Treatment for ecstasy

A

Forced diuretic, Labetalol, Nitroprusside, Nifedipine

44
Q

More substantial than amphetamine

A

Methampetamine

45
Q

Ephedrine is from

A

Ma huang

45
Q

The active ingredient in fresh leaves of Khat

A

Cathinone

45
Q

Active ingridient when cathinone degrades as leaves age, which explains why dried Khat is neither popular nor widely distributed

A

Cathine

46
Q

Methyl derivatives of cathinone

A

Methcathinone

47
Q

Chemically synthesized from Ephedrine

A

Methcathinone

48
Q

Methcathinone is aka __
Stretname __

A

Ephedrine; Cat, Jeff

49
Q

Aka angel dust, snort, supergrass

A

Phencyclidine

50
Q

Similar to dissociative anesthetic, ketamine

A

Phencyclidine

51
Q

Signs and symptoms of Phencyclidine

A

Nystagmus, Decrease consciousness, acute brain syndrome

52
Q

Phencyclidine treatment

A

Benzodiazepine, Diazepam, Nitroprusside

53
Q

A short-acting hallucinogen found in the seeds of Piptadenia peregrine

A

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

54
Q

Cannabis sativum

A

Marijuana

55
Q

Marijuana aka

A

Mary Jane, Hash-ish, Hash-oil, Weeds

56
Q

Used antiemetic for the patient undergoing chemotherapy

A

Marijuana

57
Q

Cocaine other name

A

Erythroxylon coca, “crack”, “freebase”

58
Q

Cocaine Moa

A

Increase dopamine activity

59
Q

Cocaine treatment

A

Seizure: Bzd
Psychosis: Neuroleptics
HPN: Labetalol

60
Q

CNS depressant
Grain alcohol, neutral spirit
Responsible for significant medical & socio-economic problems

A

Alcohol (ethanol)

61
Q

Acute alcoholism

A

Enzyme inhibitor

62
Q

Chronic alcoholism

A

Enzyme inducer

63
Q

Alcohol metabolites

A

Acetaldehyde, acetic acid

64
Q

Alcohol treatment

A

Thiamine
Disulfiram
Fomepizole

64
Q

Alcohol treatment

A

Thiamine
Disulfiram
Fomepizole

65
Q

Prevention of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Thiamine

66
Q

Used to stop alcohol addiction

A

Disulfiram

67
Q

Enzyme inducer

A

Nicotine

68
Q

The active ingredient of tobacco for the addictive effect

A

Nicotine

69
Q

Nicotine lethal dose for children

A

1.5-2 mg/kg

70
Q

Nicotine lethal dose for adult

A

40-60 mg/kg

71
Q

Minimum fatal dose of Nicotine

A

40 mg = 2 sticks of cigar

71
Q

Acute Nicotine toxicity

A

Hypertension cardiac arrhythmias

72
Q

Management of nicotine toxicity

A

Anticonvulsant (Bzd)

73
Q

These drugs are avoided in the management of nicotine toxicity

A

Epinephrine & neostigmine

74
Q

Treatment for nicotine toxicity

A

Activated Charcoal
Gastric lavage
Mecamylamine

75
Q

Abused by athletes before

A

Strychnine

76
Q

Scientific name for strychnine

A

Stryhnos nux vomica

77
Q

Signs and symptoms of of strychnine

A

Rigor mortis, Convulsion

78
Q

Treatment for strychnine

A

Diazepam
Phenobarbital
Neuromuscular blockers
Skeletal muscle relaxant

79
Q

Methyl benzene
Glue sniffers

A

Toluene

80
Q

Anethetic
Laughing gas
May cause diffusinal hypoxia

A

Nitrous oxide

80
Q

Anesthetic
Laughing gas
It may cause diffusional hypoxia
Hysterical laughing
Blue container in the hospital

A

Nitrous oxide

Toxicology (13 decks)

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