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Microbiology/Immunology > Intro to Immuno > Flashcards

Intro to Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity

A
  • rapid response-hours
  • fixed
  • limited number of specificities
  • constant during response
  • common effector mechanisms for the destruction of pathogens
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2
Q

adaptive immunity

A
  • slow response-days to weeks
  • variable
  • numerous highly selective specificities
  • improve during response
  • common effector mechanisms for the destruction of pathogens
  • can get by with lacking adaptive only;need innate
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3
Q

innate immunity 2

A
  • barriers-skin
  • phagocytes
  • complement
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4
Q

phagocytosis

A

-engulfing in membrane bound compartments and degrading

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5
Q

opsonin

A

-increases the phagocytosis of an object by binding to the object

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6
Q

complement

A
  • group of serum proteins involved in innate and adaptive immunity
  • important in inflammation
  • important in clearing many bacteria
  • can recognize certain types of microorganisms directly or bind to and recognize bound antibody molecules
  • can result in lysis of target cell
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7
Q

adaptive immunity 2

A
  • antibodies
  • t cell recognition
  • cell mediated activation of innate immune system
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8
Q

antibody

A
  • serum proteins that result from specific immune responses
  • high affinity binding sites for antigens at one end
  • Fc regions at other end, which are sites for effector cells or proteins to bind
  • Fc receptors are on immune cells
  • antibody is a flexible specific adapter between the target and effector
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9
Q

antigen

A
  • antibody generator
  • molecule recognized by an antibody or a t cell receptor
  • see picture for all the interactions
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10
Q

CD3

A

-mature t cells

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11
Q

CD4

A

T-helper/regulatory

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12
Q

CD8

A

T cytotoxic

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13
Q

CD28

A

recognition of presenting cells

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14
Q

CD 40

A

co stimulatory molecule

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15
Q

CD 40 L

A

ligand for CD 40

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16
Q

CD 25

A

IL 2 receptor (high affinity)

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17
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • most abundant
  • end cell of myeloid differentiation and doesn’t divide
  • circulate for only 12 hrs
  • during IF enter tissue and complete life cycle
  • contain granules:primary or azurophilic and secondary or specific granules ***
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18
Q

eosinophils

A
  • removed from circulation very fast-half life of 30 min- up to 12 days in tissue
  • eospinophilic basic protein-parasitic worms
  • EC mechanisms
  • granulocyte with basophil
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19
Q

monocytes

A

-mononuclear
-derived from bone marrow
-when enter tissue due to IF-become better effectors
-may exist in tissues without IF
-intracellular (bacteria, yeast, parasites)
and extracelluar killing (virally infected cells, larger parasites, and tumor cells in vitro)

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20
Q

liver

A

kupffer cell

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21
Q

skin

A

histiocyte

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22
Q

CT

A

histiocyte

23
Q

brain

A

microglial cell

24
Q

bone

A

osteoclasts

25
Q

joints

A

synovial type a cells

26
Q

lungs

A

alveolar macrophages

27
Q

b lymphocytes

A
  • small lymphocyte that expresses immunoglobulin on its surface
  • produces antibody
28
Q

t lymphoctyes

A

-critical in regulating immune responses as well as the effector function of killing infected cells

29
Q

cytotoxic t cells

A
  • CD8 cell surface marker
  • recognition of target cells is mediated via specific receptors and is called antigen specific
  • restricted to killing cells that have self antigen in addition to foreign antigen
  • mainly gets infected and tumor cells (virally)
  • protozoan parasites
30
Q

natural killers

A
  • large granular lymphocytes

- kill tumor cells and some virally infected cells without apparent specificity

31
Q

cytokines

A

-general term that refers to proteins that will alter the response of the immune system

32
Q

interferons

A
  • primarily known for the antiviral activity these have been shown to have tumoricidal effects
  • stimulate macrophages, T cells, B cells and NK cells
33
Q

alpha and beta interferons

A

-sometimes called type I are synthesized by macrophages, fibroblasts, and many other cell types (t cells?)

34
Q

gamma interferon

A
  • IFN gamma is produced by t cells that are stimulated

- shown to stimulate macrophages and lead to the differentiation of t cells and b cells

35
Q

IL1

A

made primarily by macrophages but can be made to a lesser extent by many different cell types
-stimulates t, b cells, liver cells, bone cells, synovial cells, brain cells and muscle cells`

36
Q

IL2

A

produced by t cells
t cell GF
may stim b cells and macrophages

37
Q

IL3

A

colony stimulating factor CSF

-causes production of many different types of cells

38
Q

IL4

A

B cell GF
BSF1 and BCGF1
-t cell stim of b lymphocytes

39
Q

IL5

A

b cell GF, differentiation factor, and eosinophil GF

40
Q

IL6

A

profound effects on b cells
-principal mediator of the acute phase response of inflammation
BSF2, IFN beta 2, hybridoma stim factor

41
Q

IL10

A

stim induction of TH2-cytokines and may suppress TH1 cytokines

42
Q

IL12

A

TH1 responses

43
Q

IL17

A

involved in inflammation

44
Q

IL7-35

A
  • may be as important or perhaps more important than 1-6

- very important

45
Q

colony stimulating factors

A
  • induce growth of bone marrow derived cells both in vivo and in vitro
  • stim differentiation and cellula function
  • help patients grow more leukocytes
46
Q

CSF1

A

macrophage colony formation

47
Q

GM-CSF

A
  • growth of granulocyte and macrophage colonies

- macrophage activator

48
Q

G-CSF

A
  • granulocyte colonies

- help pts recover leukocytes after radiation and chemo

49
Q

multi CSF

A

-growth of many different myeloid cells IL3

50
Q

TNF alpa/beta

A
  • involved in immunity to tumors and microorganisms
  • named for tumor necrosing power in animals-destruction of blood supply
  • potent IF effects
  • alpha and beta bind to same receptors-identical effects
51
Q

TNF alpha

A
  • primary mediator of septic shock in humans-vascular damage and fever
  • product of activated macrophages as well as vascular smooth muscles cells and some T cells
  • antibodies to this used in clinic to reduce IF
52
Q

TNF beta

A
  • lymphotoxin

- product of t cells

53
Q

TH1 and 2 cytokines

A
  • helper t cell clones identified that produce limited group of lymphokines
  • helper t cells exist as defined subpops with specific functions
  • one population may activate b cells via IL4,5,6 while other may activate mediated immunity by producing IL 2, TNF beta and IFN gamma
54
Q

consequences of TH1 and 2

A
  • significant
  • TH2 to intracellular pathogen would be ineffective
  • TH1 to wrong pathogen-tissue damage
  • TH2 produces IL10 and suppresses TH1
  • IL12 promotes TH1

Microbiology/Immunology (18 decks)

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