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NURS 4540: Community Health > Week 11 > Flashcards

Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

the future of nursing care is shifting to…

A
  • a greater focus on health promotion and disease prevention
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2
Q

what is responsible for the preparation of our future nurses in community health nursing?

A
  • universities & colleges providing nursing education
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3
Q

the CHNC Blueprint for Action identifies…

A
  • a strong educational preparation in community health nursing as necessary underpinning for the future of community
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4
Q

nursing undergraduate curricula should address…

A
  • the shift from an illness care model to a health promotion vision
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5
Q

nursing education must be a..

A
  • strong vehicle for change
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6
Q

All baccalaureate nursing graduates must be prepared to meet the Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards at an entry-to-practice level through….

A
  • community placements based on the Guidelines for Quality Community Health Nursing Clinical Placements for baccalaureate nursing students
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7
Q

what benefits do placements in community health provide to students? (5)

A
  • Potential for students work with clients at a group and or community levels
  • Potential for exposure to broad determinants of health, citizen engagement, population health. An primary health care principles
  • Potential exposure to community health nursing strategies
  • Opportunities for practice where students can see results of their actions
  • Opportunity to develop collaborative practice
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8
Q

what are concerns r/t community nursing (10)

A
  • Staff shortages and recruitment and retention issues.
  • Role of CHN is unclear and not well defined.
  • Increased patient acuity.
  • Lack of understanding of the role by general public.
  • Inadequate preparation of nursing graduates for work in community health.
  • Lack of funding for relevant research.
  • Not being valued by nurse managers and administrators.
  • Reduced and unstable funding.
  • A need to return to the concept of health and wellness, and away from medicine.
  • Emerging infections and chronic disease
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9
Q

community health involves moving from an illness care model to…

A
  • a health promotion vision
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

the professional practice model depicts….

A
  • three broad categories, each containing a number of components that support PHNs in promoting the health of the client
    = systems, community organizations, CHNs and nursing practice
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12
Q

what are essential factors to support CHN leadership for health promotion (5)

A
  • CHNC PPM
  • practice organization, provincial, national
  • Canadian theories and frameworks
  • requires supportive organizational and system structures
  • adequate gvmt funding to facilitate population based practice
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13
Q

what are challenges for the PHN workforce

A
  • lack of understanding of population health promotion (=shift to individual clinical care)
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14
Q

what is essential in shifting practice?

A
  • understanding equity and population health
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15
Q

the concept of health equity is… (4)

A
  • not consistently understood
  • necessity of equity to be explicit guiding principle
  • practice shifts
  • bridge theory and practice
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16
Q

the purpose of PHN practice is clarified with.. (2)

A
  • a focus on population health and equity
  • distinct body of knowledge articulated within the PPM = role clarity
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17
Q

huge and growing gaps in equity obligate PHNs to…

A
  • focus beyond clinical care and prioritize longer term work with populations that are most vulnerable
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18
Q

as opposed to biomedical/clinical approaches that focus on the individual, public health practice is based on… (3)

A
  • principles of population health
  • social justice
  • equity
19
Q

what are the key challenges to strengthening Canada’s public health system (10)

A
  1. Putting equity, anti-colonialism, and anti-racism at the core of PH, guided by community
  2. Investing in the full scope of public health – infectious disease is one area. Upstream = decrease healthcare costs
  3. Defining core functions and standards – what is PH?
  4. Aligning from local to global- coordination, whole of gov
  5. Designing roles of PH officials – non-partisan, influence policy, interdisciplinary
  6. Partnering across sectors – “whole of society”
  7. Measuring and evaluating – “what gets measured gets done” – gaps in data on systems, staff, needs, outcomes
  8. Rooted in local communities for planning and implementing
  9. Communicating and building trust
  10. Integrating public health research, training, and practice
20
Q

what are key opportunities for action r/t Canada’s public health system (10)

A
  1. Advance equity
  2. Increase investment in public health systems
  3. Create governance structures that support HIA Policies and intersectoral approaches
  4. Align globally
  5. Define standards and core functions
  6. Revisit core competencies
  7. Generate evidence
  8. Reinforce foundation resources (surge capacity, data systems, relationships)
  9. Strengthen community partnerships
  10. Link research and practice
21
Q

what are the main root causes of the perpetuation of nursing issues? (6)

A
  • poor nursing planning & short-term
  • poor data for planning
  • inadequate forecasting methods
  • nursing shortages and insufficient staff
  • workloads and unhealthy workplaces
  • insufficient funds for the health sector
22
Q

what are the 3 Rs of nurse workforce sustainability

A
  • retain & support
  • return & integrate
  • recruit & mentor
23
Q

what is the major focus of “retain and support” (4)

A
  • reduced workloads
  • safe, health, and supportive workplace
  • mental health supports
  • implementation of targeted initiatives
24
Q

what is the major focus of “return & integrate” (3)

A
  • return nurses to the public sector (rather than private agencies)
  • return recent leavers & early retirees
  • integrate nurses with international training/exposure
25
Q

to return nurses to the public sector & work in healthcare more broadly, federal, provincial, and territorial gvmts should allocate resources to healthcare organizations to undertake the following: (4)

A
  • improve working conditions thru a Magnet-like accreditation program
  • improve wages and benefits
  • scale the nursing education initiative (NEI)
  • create a public agency for mobile nurses
26
Q

what is the major focus of “recruit & mentor” (4)

A
  • expand domestic nursing programs
  • target recruitment to diversify the nursing workforce
  • support trainees to work in underserved communities & sectors
  • implementation of other promising recruitment strategies
27
Q

what are challenges of community health nursing (3)

A
  • financial restraints
  • intro of an illness care focused entry to practice registration exam
  • limited faculty w CHN education
28
Q

what are CHNC recommendations to address the community health nursing challenges (4)

A
  1. Continue to value community health nursing as part of the generalist preparation of registered nurse practice in Canada.
  2. Provided effective and safe community clinical placements.
  3. Prepare students to work with diverse populations.
  4. Provide clinical supervision by experienced nurse instructors.
29
Q

what is the purpose of the CHNM

A
  • promote, enhance and protect the health of Manitoba communities and advance the practice of community health nursing.
30
Q

the CHNM asks the gvmt to… (3)

A
  • engage w & solicit input from nurses (to identify solutions)
  • consider the price of paying a debt at the cost of cutting services
  • support the work of nurses
31
Q

many organizations are embracing opportunities to shift demand away from our institutional care system. Examples include: (3)

A
  • developing a holistic aged care pathway that shifts activities to the community and home
  • supporting a transitional care pathway (from acute settings to others, avoiding readmission)
  • harnessing data analytics to improve health outcomes
32
Q

the Indian Act was created under the assumption that…

A
  • that Aboriginal people and their ways of living were inferior, unequal and uncivilized
33
Q

the Indian Act included provisions that extended across…

A
  • the social, cultural, economic, political, gender and even spiritual dimensions of the Indian life
34
Q

Under the Indian Act, if an Indigenous woman married a non-Indigenous man, what would happen? (4)

A
  • she would lose status
  • health benefits and treaty benefits
  • right to live on reserve
  • right to family property
35
Q

the Indian Act introduced _____ and shaped…

A
  • gender inequality
  • shaped patterns of Aboriginal health , social inequity, access to health care
36
Q

what SDOH impact Indigenous populations (4)

A
  • Workforce participation,
  • Low income
  • Education
  • Sub-standard living conditions, lack of basic sanitary infrastructure, Overcrowding/homelessness.
37
Q

what are challenges to healthy public policy (3)

A
  • Jurisdictional ambiguity, lack of clarity about federal and provincial government’s level of health service delivery and financial responsibilities.
  • Aboriginal legislation does not adequately address needs of Metis or Inuit or urban FN.
  • Neglect and lack of political will to improve access to health care.
38
Q

what are some TRC calls to action (7)

A
  1. State of healthcare result of previous policies. (In progress – project proposed)
  2. establish goals to identify and close gaps in health outcomes and to publish annual progress reports to assess longterm trends (infant mortality, maternal health, suicide, mental health, addictions, life expectancy, birth rates, infant and child health issues, chronic diseases, illness and injury incidence, appropriate health services availability. (In progress – project proposed)
  3. address distinct health needs of of reserve Metis, Inuit, and all aboriginal peoples. (In progress – project Underway)
  4. Funding for existing and new Aboriginal healing centres. (In progress – project Underway)
  5. value aboriginal healing practices and use them in treatment. (In progress – project Underway)
  6. increase number of Aboriginal professionals, ensure retention, provide cultural competency training. (In progress – project proposed)
  7. Call upon medical and nursing schools to take a course dealing with Aboriginal health issues. (In progress – project proposed)
39
Q

describe the vision for the future r/t community nursing (7)

A
  • Nurses should be where people live, work, and play.
  • Freedom to practice
  • Partner with universities, national and provincial organizations.
  • Build the capacity of community health nursing
  • Focus on increasing the value of CHNs
  • Harness the collective.
  • Support professional development
40
Q

what is included in the quintuple aim for healthcare improvement (5)

A
  • improving population health
  • enhancing the care experience
  • reducing costs
  • care team wellbeing
  • advancing health equity
41
Q

what are recommendations for community nursing (6)

A
  • Develop a common definition and vision of community health nursing in Canada for 2020.
  • Develop an aggressive plan to shift the direction of health care to a primary health care system.
  • Develop, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive social marketing strategy ro rais the profile and improve understanding of CHN.
  • Collaborate with CASN in the reorientation of basic baccalaureate education to include community health nursing.
  • Collaborate with the national community health nursing chair.
  • Establish a community health nursing centre of excellence or collaborating center.
42
Q

what are key challenges with community nursing

A
  1. Putting equity, anti-colonialism, and anti-racism at the core of PH, guided by community
  2. Investing in the full scope of public health – infectious disease is one area. Upstream = decrease healthcare costs
  3. Defining core functions and standards – what is PH?
  4. Aligning from local to global- coordination, whole of gov
  5. Designing roles of PH officials – non-partisan, influence policy, interdisciplinary
  6. Partnering across sectors – “whole of society”
  7. Measuring and evaluating – “what gets measured gets done” – gaps in data on systems, staff, needs, outcomes
  8. Rooted in local communities for planning and implementing
  9. Communicating and building trust
  10. Integrating public health research, training, and practice
43
Q

what are key opportunities for action with community health

A
  1. Advance equity
  2. Increase investment in public health systems
  3. Create governance structures that support HIA Policies and intersectoral approaches
  4. Align globally
  5. Define standards and core functions
  6. Revisit core competencies
  7. Generate evidence
  8. Reinforce foundation resources (surge capacity, data systems, relationships)
  9. Strengthen community partnerships
  10. Link research and practice

NURS 4540: Community Health (12 decks)

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