module 2: enzymes Flashcards
what are 2 types of enzyme action
intracellular
extracellular
examples of intracellular
catalase- breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water
examples of extracellular
amylase- stretch to maltose
trypsin- hydrolysis of peptide bonds
what type of protein are enzymes
globular
what are biological catalysts
speed up chemical reactions
what determines specificity of active site
tertiary structure
what is activation energy
amount of energy needed for chemical reaction
how do enzymes affect activation energy
reduce it so speed up rate of reaction
what is the lock and key theory
-substrate fits perfectly into active site with a complementary shape forming enzyme substrate complex
-enzyme product complex splits and products separated
what is the induced fit theory
-substrate complementary shape
-enzyme active site changes shape slightly to allow a better fit of substrate forming enzyme substrate complex
- enzyme product complex splits and products leave active site
effect of temperature on enzyme activity
- increases kinetic energy of molecules so they move faster and are more likely to collide forming enzyme-substrate complex
- if tempt too high it will denture as bonds may brake in territory structure changing its specific shape
- opposite for low temp
what is the Q10 formula
rate at high temp/rate at low temp
what does Q10 show
how much rate of reaction changes when temp raised by 10 degrees
what does Q10 value of 2 show
rate doubles when raised by 10 degrees
how does pH affect enzymes
above and below optimum ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds affected by H+ and OH- ions that hold territory structure
