module 5: excretion

Question 1

amino acids broken down in the liver

Answer 1

nitrogen containing amino groups removed forming amino and organic acids in deamination
organic acids respired to give ATP or converted to cabs and stored as glycogen
ammonia combined with co2 in ornithine cycle to create urea
urea released to blood and kidneys filter and remove it in urine

Question 2

what are the two types of renal dialysis

Answer 2

haemodialysis and peritoneal

Question 3

heamodialysis

Answer 3

patients blood passed through dialysis machine
partially permeable membrane separates blood and dialysis fluid
waste products and excess water and ions diffuse across membrane into fluid and removed

Question 4

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 4

dialysis fluid put through tube that passes from outside to abdominal cavity
waste products diffuse out blood into fluid across peritoneum
fluid drained out via tube

Question 5

how does a pregnancy test work

Answer 5

monoclonal antibodies for hCG on applications area bound to coloured bead
when urine on stick hCG binds to antibody on bead
urine moves up test strip carrying beads
test strip antibodies to hCG immobilised
if hCG present test strip turns blue because immobilised antibody binds to hCG attached to blue beads