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British Warfare > WW1 1914-15 > Flashcards

WW1 1914-15 Flashcards

1
Q

how many Germans marched into Belgium?

A

1,500,000

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2
Q

how string was the BEF sent to Maubeuge?

A

120,000

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3
Q

when was the Battle of Mons?

A

23 August 1914

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4
Q

what was the result of the Battle of Mons?

A

75,000 British troops were forced to retreat further south towards Paris

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5
Q

when was the Battle of the Marne?

A

5 September 1914

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6
Q

what was the BEF’s involvement in the Battle of the Marne?

A

they did very little in assisting the French

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7
Q

what happened at the Battle of the Marne?

A

the French decided to attack the exposed right flank of the German offence which allowed them to push the German Army back

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8
Q

what was the result of the Battle of the Marne?

A

the German retreated to the River Aisne and dug in

START OF TRENCH WARFARE

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9
Q

when was the First Battle of Ypres?

A

19 October 1914

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10
Q

what was the result of the First Battle of Ypres?

A

BEF retained control of the Channel ports and forced the Germans into a stalemate

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11
Q

how many British dead at First Battle of Ypres?

A

30,000

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12
Q

which 2 battles did the Germans win on the Eastern Front?

A

Tannenburg
Masurian Lakes

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13
Q

by December 1914 how long were the trenches on the Western Front?

A

475 miles

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14
Q

how much of the trenches did the BEF hold?

A

35 miles

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15
Q

how was French as a military commander?

A

operated by intuition instead of rational calculation

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16
Q

what was the Ypres salient?

A

section of trenches held by British which could be attacked by the Germans from several sides

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17
Q

who was recalled as First Sea Lord in 1914?

A

Lord Fischer

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18
Q

who lost their role as Commander of the Grand Fleet and why?

A

Prince Louis of Battenberg
due to his German origins

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19
Q

who became the new Commander of the Grand Fleet?

A

Sir John Jelicoe

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20
Q

what was the Grand Fleet composed of?

A

20 Dreadnoughts
26 pre-Dreadnoughts

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21
Q

where was the Grand Fleet stationed?

A

Scapa Flow in the Orkneys

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22
Q

what gave the Royal Navy control of the seas?

A

lack of German naval action

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23
Q

how did the Royal Navy prevent the German Navy from being active?

A

held a blockade of German ports for the entirety of the war

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24
Q

what were the positives of a naval blockade against Germany?

A

allowed for free troop movement for British troops and her colonies

prevented goods and supplies from reaching Germany (starving them)

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25
Q

what was the main danger to the Royal Navy?

A

the U-Boat

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26
Q

why did Jelicoe move the Grand Fleet to Ireland?

A

it was not well defended from U-Boat attacks

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27
Q

when did Jelicoe return to Scapa Flow?

A

mid-1915

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28
Q

which cities were bombed by a German naval squadron in December 1914?

A

Hartlepool
Whitby
Scarborough

122 people dead

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29
Q

when was the Battle of Dogger Bank?

A

January 1915

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30
Q

what was the result of the Battle of Dogger Bank?

A

British victory
BUT
poor British gunnery had allowed the Germans to escape

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31
Q

who replaced Moltke the Younger as the CiC of German forces?

A

von Falkenhayn

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32
Q

what were von Falkenhayn’s orders?

A

to hold the Western Front while the Eastern Front was being dealt with

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33
Q

how large was the BEF in January 1915?

A

250,000

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34
Q

how much of the BEF were Indian troops?

A

1/5

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35
Q

what increased recruiting going into 1915?

A

lowering of required heigh to 5’3

36
Q

when did the Ottomans join the Central Powers?

A

October 1914

37
Q

what was the split between members of the War Council in January 1915?

A

Easterners vs Westerners

38
Q

what did the Easterners believe in?

A

that the BEF should be pulled out of France and sent to the East where operations in the near-East could occur
they believed that the Royal Navy dominance would allow the British to take the Dardanelles and thus kick Turkey out of the war

39
Q

what did the Westerners believe in?

A

that the only way to win the war is by defeating Germany and thus pushing them out of France and Belgium
it also believed that if France was lost then the whole war would be lost

40
Q

what compromise did the War Council agree upon?

A

agreed to maintain efforts on the Western Front
agreed to open operations in the East

41
Q

where did the British hope to attack to take control of the Dardanelles?

A

the Gallipoli Peninsula

42
Q

who was in charge of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force?

A

Sir Ian Hamilton

43
Q

how was Hamilton poorly equipped?

A

was given one map of the area
no intel on Turkish fortifications
no staff

44
Q

why was the Gallipoli attack delayed by 3 weeks?

A

Hamilton saw the disarray amongst the British troops and decided to head to Egypt before attacking

45
Q

what had the 3 week delay allowed?

A

the Turkish troops were able to fortify
they increased their forces from 2 divisions to 6 divisions

46
Q

when did the Allied force land in Gallipoli?

A

25 April 1915

47
Q

who were the Anzacs?

A

NZ and Aus troops

48
Q

why was the British landing in Gallipoli so ill-prepared?

A

troops lacked ammunition and artillery
did not have proper landing craft
lacked element of surprise

49
Q

why was Hamilton such a poor leader?

A

he left military matters to his subordinates
stayed in his battleship on the coast

50
Q

where in Gallipoli did the Allied troops land?

A

Cape Helles

51
Q

when was the Battle of Neuve Chapelle?

A

10 March 1915

52
Q

how many casualties did the BEF suffer at Neuve Chapelle?

A

13,000

53
Q

when was the Second Battle of Ypres?

A

22 April 1915

54
Q

what was special about the Second Battle of Ypres?

A

first time chlorine gas was used in WW1

55
Q

how many casualties did the BEF suffer at the Second Battle of Ypres?

A

60,000

56
Q

what did the British do in response to the German’s use of chlorine gas?

A

they set up their own gas unit which weaponised phosgene gas which was more deadly than chlorine

57
Q

how did French cover up his failure on the Western Front?

A

he complained about a shell shortage

58
Q

what had caused a shortage in artillery?

A

Kitchener had not agreed to expand on the number of authorised firms who could produce artillery for the BA

he had also gave the authorised firms targets which were too advanced to achieve

59
Q

why did Admiral Fisher resign?

A

he was unhappy with the wasting of resources in the Dardanelles

60
Q

when was a national government formed?

A

25 May 1915

61
Q

what happened to Lloyd George after the formation of a national government?

A

he became the Minister of Munitions

62
Q

what impact did Lloyd George have on the production of munitions?

A

his appointment led to major growth in the munitions industry

63
Q

change in shell deliveries

A

5 million before
35 million after

64
Q

change in machine gun output

A

300 before
33000 after

65
Q

when did Lloyd George have to override Kitchener’s decisions?

A

the light mortar
the tank

66
Q

how did Lloyd George help the production of the light mortar?

A

it was rejected by the War Office
BUT
Lloyd George found funding from an Indian prince

ended up being an influential weapon

67
Q

how did Lloyd George help the production of the tank?

A

Kitchener was unimpressed by the Tank
BUT
Lloyd George supported its production

68
Q

what replaced the Vickers machine gun?

A

the Lewis Gun

69
Q

when were the Suvla Bay landings?

A

6 August 1915

70
Q

why were the Suvla Bay landings a failure?

A

the British manage to take the beaches by surprise
BUT failed to make any advances
General Stopford slept during the advance
British troops were sunbathing instead of pushing for the Ottoman hills

71
Q

who replaced Hamilton as the Commander of the Mediterranean Expedition Force?

A

Sir Charles Monro

72
Q

what did Munro immediately do?

A

reccomended the British retreat from the Gallipoli Peninsula

73
Q

when did the British government order the retreat from Gallipoli?

A

December 1915

74
Q

how many British died during the Gallipoli campaign?

A

300,000

75
Q

by August 1915 how many British men at the Western Front?

A

900,000

76
Q

when was the Battle of Loos?

A

25 September 1915

77
Q

what happened at the Battle of Loos?

A

German defences led to British troops being mowed down by machine gun fire

poor French decisions meat little advancements were made

78
Q

what was the result of the Battle of Loos?

A

German victory

79
Q

how many British died at Loos?

A

50,000

80
Q

when did the Germans announce unrestricted submarine warfare?

A

February 1915

81
Q

what was USW?

A

German U-boats were given permission to attack any ship in British waters

82
Q

how many U-boats did Germany have?

A

37

83
Q

when was the Lusitania sunk?

A

May 1915

84
Q

what was the result of the torpedoing of the Lusitania?

A

President Wilson gave Germany an ultimatum in which it had to stop USW

85
Q

what happened to Kitchener’s role in November 1915?

A

the CIGS was set up which took the responsibility of war planning and decision making from the War Office and therefore Kitchener

86
Q

when did Haig replace French as the commander of the BEF?

A

December 1915

British Warfare (35 decks)

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