Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the bonding in an alkene?

A

there is a sigma and pi bond

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2
Q

what is a pi bond?

A

sideways overlap of p orbitals

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3
Q

what does a pi bond do to the C=C bond?

A

prevents rotation by locking the carbons

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4
Q

diagram showing formation of pi bond

A
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5
Q

bond angle in a C=C bond is?

A

120?

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6
Q

what is a sterio-isomer?

A

compound with the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

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7
Q

why can E/Z isomerism occur in alkenes?

A

contains a C=C bond with restricted carbon rotation
and
has different groups attached to each carbon in the C=C bond

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8
Q

what is cis-trans isomerism?

A

when one of the groups attached to each carbon in the C=C bond is the same

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9
Q

why are alkenes reactive?

A

they have a localised pi system with the electron density concentrated above and below the plane

means that the pi electrons are more exposed to electrophilic attack

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10
Q

what is stronger sigma or pi bond?

A

sigma bond

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11
Q

what happens when bromine water is added to an alkene?

A

it turns from orange to colourless

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12
Q

why can electrophilic addition occur to alkenes?

A

the C=C bond is a region of high electron density due to the pi electrons

more exposed to electrophilic attack

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13
Q

what is an electrophile?

A

an electron pair acceptor

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14
Q

outline electrophilic addition

A

electrophile is polar so has delta +ve and -ve atoms

+ve atom in the electrophile attracts the pi electrons which are exposed which causes the C=C bond to break

bond forms between carbon atom in C-C and the delta +ve atom

the electrophile breaks by heterolytic fission to form a negative ion with an electron pair

negative ion donates electron pair to the carbocation to form a bond

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15
Q

what is a polymer?

A

large molecules made up of many monomers

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16
Q

what reaction turns a unsaturated monomer to a polymer?

A

addition polymerisation

17
Q

ways to dispose polymers?

A

feedstock recycling
combustion

18
Q

feedstock recycling

A

monomers are reclaimed from waste polymers to be used to make other monomers

19
Q

combustion

A

polymers have a high energy storage so can be used to produce heat and thus energy