History of Architecture 2: Midterms Part 3- Japanese Architecture

Question 1

Characterized by a synthesis of seminal ideas from
China and native conditions producing a distinct style; Light, delicate, and refined.

Answer 1

Japanese Architecture

Question 2

710-794 CE; Adoption of Chinese culture and
form of government; Named after the first permanent capital and chief Buddhist center in ancient Japan.

Answer 2

Nara Period

Question 3

Iconic building of the Nara Period, an imperial residence

Answer 3

Heijō Palace

Question 4

785-1185 CE; Modification and naturalization of ideas and institutions introduced from China.

Answer 4

Heian Period

Question 5

“Way of the Gods.” The natural physical and
supernatural transcendent world are both part of a single unified creation; holding the ideal of a life that is in harmony with and united with nature.

Answer 5

Shintoism

Question 6

A shinto shrine with a Rectangular plan raised on posts, surrounded by a railed veranda, with a free-standing post at each gable end.A shrine embodying the original style of Japanese building.

Answer 6

Shimmei-zukuri

Question 7

the ritual process of rebuilding the
Ise every twenty years.

Answer 7

Shikinen sengu

Question 8

Outer Shrine (Geku), which is dedicated to Toyouke, the Shinto deity of clothing, food and housing.

Answer 8

Geku

Question 9

Inner Shrine (Naiku), which enshrines the most
venerated deity Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess.

Answer 9

Naiku

Question 10

The Ise Jingu consists of how many shrines? What are they?

Answer 10

Two, Geku and Naiku

Question 11

Are built in a purely Japanese architecture style which shows almost no influence from the Asian mainland.

Answer 11

Ise Shrines

Question 12

Monumental freestanding gateway
on the approach to a Shinto shrine; Two pillars connected at the top by a horizontal crosspiece and a lintel
above it.

Answer 12

Torii

Question 13

The Assembly hall for
monks for reading sacred
texts.

Answer 13

Kodo

Question 14

Japanese pagoda
enshrining Buddha relics.

Answer 14

To

Question 15

The Golden Hall;
sanctuary where the main
image of worship is kept.

Answer 15

Kondo

Question 16

The inner gateway to
the precinct.

Answer 16

Chumon

Question 17

The covered gallery
surrounding the precinct.

Answer 17

Kairo

Question 18

The crowning spire on a
Japanese pagoda.

Answer 18

Sorin

Question 19

One of the oldest surviving wooden buildings in the world; Oldest existing temple complex in Japan.

Answer 19

Horyuji Temple, Nara.

Question 20

Japanese pagoda, also butto or
toba; Central structure of a Buddhist
compound.

Answer 20

To

Question 21

The finest surviving example of early 17th-century Japanese castle architecture.

Answer 21

Himeji Castle

Question 22

“The White Heron.”; Tenshu-gun, (keeps.)

Answer 22

Himeji Castle

Question 23

inner courtyard in the southeast corner of the court where a samurai would commit
suicide.

Answer 23

Harakiri-maru,

Question 24

Meaning “writing hall.”; A new type of residential architecture during the Muromachi period (1338-1573); Features the proportioning system of using tatami mats (about 1x2 yards in size).

Answer 24

Shoin

Question 25

A Decorative alcove.

Answer 25

Tokonoma

Question 26

The Staggered shelves.

Answer 26

Chigaidama

Question 27

A paper-covered wooden lattice. Made of Rice paper

Answer 27

Shoji

Question 28

A recess with built-in
shelving.

Answer 28

Tana

Question 29

The straw mats used as
floor coverings (about 3’x6’)

Answer 29

Tatami

Question 30

The post marking the partition between the
tokonoma and the tana.

Answer 30

Tokobashira,

Question 31

The extension of the floor, usually facing a garden;
serves as a passageway or sitting place.

Answer 31

Engawa

Question 32

A vertical hanging
scroll containing either text or
a painting.

Answer 32

Kakemono

Question 33

teahouses. venue for tea ceremony

Answer 33

Chashitsu

Question 34

An ornamental garden adjacent
to the teahouse.

Answer 34

Roji

Question 35

A linear unit for regulating column spacing in
traditional Japanese construction. Initially equal to 6 shaku (1.818 meters); later varied according to the tatami mats (approximately 3’ x 6’).

Answer 35

Ken

Question 36

The size of a room is designated by the
number of its floor mats (tatami).

Answer 36

Ken