Economic features in the UK (Unit 2B)

Question 1

Deindustrialisation (economic change)

Answer 1

The decline of traditional manufacturing industry (due to the exhaustion of raw materials or higher costs)
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Coal industry shut down, machines used in agriculture

Question 2

Globalisation (economic change)

Answer 2

the process by which global links between people and places are established (through trade and politics
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crops imported from LICs, NEE open their countries to global business (China)

Question 3

Government policies (economic change)

Answer 3

The UK government controls the countries spendings each year by producing budgets for things like: transport, mimimum wages, education etc…
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Pollution laws, minimum wages, civil rights

Question 4

(Post-industrial economy) Development of IT

Answer 4

The IT industry is worth £58 billion, employs over 670,000 people and over 80million mobile subscriptions (worth £14 billion)

Question 5

(Post-industrial economy) Service industries

Answer 5

Makes up 3/4 of the Uk economy, like retail which employs 4 million people

Question 6

(Post-industrial economy) Finance

Answer 6

The Uk is home to many financial institutions and jobs such as banks, investments and pensions (like Barclays and HSBC)

Question 7

(Post-industrial economy) Research

Answer 7

Over £33 billion was spent on research and development (R&D), makes use of new graduates skills

Question 8

(Post-industrial economy) Science and business parks

Answer 8

Areas of land with businesses and scientists usually located on the outskirts of cities near university campuses

Question 9

Torr Quarry

Answer 9

One of few (8) quarries left in England.
It’s located in South-West England and found west of Wales

Question 10

How is Torr Quarry Sustainable?

Answer 10

• Area is being restored to create wildlife lakes
• 200 acres has been landscaped to blend in with local countryside
• Regular monitoring of sound, vibrations, water quality and airborne emissions
• Uses rail transport to reduce disturbance in roads and villages
• Located closely to export areas so less is spent on transport and less C emissions

Question 11

Improvements in Roads

Answer 11

Motorways are increasing capacity by switching to smart motorways which have more lanes

Question 12

Improvements in Railways

Answer 12

Cross rail is planned to increase Londons capacity by 10% links London, Birmingham and Leeds

Question 13

Improvements in Airports

Answer 13

A third runway is proposed at Heathrow airport which would allow an extra 700 planes a day

Question 14

Improvements in Ports

Answer 14

London gateway is located at the mouth of Thames and can handle the worlds largest shipping containers

Question 15

The North-South divide

Answer 15

The decline of manufacturing industry (which was prominently in the North) lead to economic benefits for those in the south. Leading to the North having worse situations (unemployment, money) then the south which has more money and opportunities

Question 16

North Somerset (population growth)

Answer 16

• A mainly rural area in South West England
• 7.8% population increase from 2005 to 2015
• Moved too get easy access to Bristol

Question 17

Economic impacts in North Somerset

Answer 17

• Improved employment and wages
• House price increase (6.7%)

Question 18

Social impacts in North Somerset

Answer 18

• Schools oversubscribed as more families move in
• Congested roads (to Bristol)
• Increased pressure on healthcare (elderly move in)

Question 19

Cumbria (population decline)

Answer 19

• A rural county in North West England
• 0.8% population decrease from 2005 to 2015 (some areas with 4.3%

Question 20

Economic impacts in Cumbria

Answer 20

• Increasing unemployment
• Declining manufacturing and agricultural jobs
• Shops closing (game station) and others at risk (M&S)

Question 21

Social impacts in Cumbria

Answer 21

• Fewer school age kids, schools at risk of closure
• Young people leave so a higher proportion of elderly people are left putting a strain on medical and social services

Question 22

(Reducing the development gap) Devolving powers

Answer 22

When the UK provides more power to smaller countries, or major cities (Manchester) within the UK (e.g. tax control or public transport)

Question 23

(Reducing the development gap) Enterprise zones

Answer 23

An area dedicated to business development which is given many financial benefits
(e.g. reduced tax, simpler planning rules, improved infrastructure [super fast broadband] and lower utility bills)

Question 24

(Reducing the development gap) Levelling up funding

Answer 24

Provides government funding to poorer areas of the UK for funding to be accepted for local projects (aimed to increase prosperity and job opportunities)

Question 25

Political & Economic links with the wider world

Answer 25

• Commonwealth: a group of 54 countries which promote co-operation in. terms of aid, trade and environmental issues
• EU: encourages free trade

Question 26

Trade within the wider world

Answer 26

• Exports are worth £160 billion a year
• Significant links with USA, Europe and Asia

Question 27

Culture within the wider world

Answer 27

• Culture is exported worldwide through shows such as Mr Bean or Shaun the Sheep
• Immigration has shown new ways of living, music, clothes and food within the UK

Question 28

Transport within the wider world

Answer 28

• Large airports act as effective international hubs for easier transport
• Channel tunnel links Britain to France and therefore Europe
• Larger carrier ships means more products can be transported at one time (globalisation)

Question 29

Electronic communication within the wider world

Answer 29

• Telephones and internet make it easier to connect globally
• Transatlantic cables (physically) links the Uk to countries such as Tokyo and the USA, aswell as providing faster more efficient wifi