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gram positive pyogenic cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus
aureus Morphology/Structure

A

Gram positive
pyogenic cocci

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2
Q

Staphylococcus
aureus Modes of Transmission

A

Normal flora of
human mucosa:
nasal passages,
vagina, skin.
Usually enters
through a
wound.

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3
Q

Staphylococcus
aureus Virulence Factors

A

Coagulase (prevents
phagocytosis and
concentrates toxins),
Capsule,
hyaluronidase, β
lactamase,
exfoliative toxins
(with SSS),
superantigens with
toxic shock
syndrome. Some
strains can kill
WBCs.

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4
Q

Staphylococcus
aureus Disease/Symptoms

A

Cutaneous infections
(impetigo, boils,
folliculitis), more serious
is scalded skin
syndrome (SSS), Can
also cause septicemia,
meningitis, toxic shock
syndrome

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5
Q

Staphylococcus
aureus Diagnostics

A

MSA plate - yellow,
ferments mannitol
Coagulase +
Catalase +

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6
Q

Staphylococcus
aureus Immune Response

A

Superantigens
cause non-specific
activation of T
cells and
massive cytokine release, leading to
symptoms of toxic
shock syndrome.

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7
Q

Streptococcus
pyogenes (also called
group A strep) Morphology/Structure

A

Gram positive
pyogenic cocci

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8
Q

Streptococcus
pyogenes (also called
group A strep) Mode of Transmission

A

Some people
have as normal
flora.
Transmitted
though hand
contact with
nasal discharge
and skin contact
with impetigo
lesions

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9
Q

Streptococcus
pyogenes (also called
group A strep) Virulence Factors

A

Streptolysins
(streptokinase), M
proteins, capsule,
hyaluronidase,
erythrogenic toxin
(Scarlet fever).

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10
Q

Streptococcus
pyogenes (also called
group A strep) Diseases/Symptoms

A

Strep throat symptoms
red throat, tonsils,
swollen lymph,
Rheumatic fever, nausea
glomerulonephritis,
impetigo, scarlet fever,
necrotizing fasciitis

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11
Q

Streptococcus
pyogenes (also called
group A strep) Diagnostics

A

Fever, patches of pus
in throat, swollen
lymph nodes, absence
of cough.
Rapid Antigen
Detection Tests
β hemolysis
Catalase -
bacitracin sensitive

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12
Q

Streptococcus
pyogenes (also called
group A strep) Treatment/Prevention

A

Penicillin usually.
For necrotizing
fasciitis - drain and
remove dead skin

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13
Q

Streptococcus
pyogenes (also called
group A strep) Immune Response

A

Erythrogenic toxin
acts as a
superantigens
cause scarlet
fever.

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14
Q

Streptococcus
agalactiae (also called
group B strep) Morphology/structure

A

Gram positive
pyogenic cocci

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15
Q

Streptococcus
agalactiae (also called
group B strep) Modes of Transmission

A

Normal flora of
up to 40% of
population
vagina, pharynx,
large intestine

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16
Q

Streptococcus
agalactiae (also called
group B strep) Virulence Factors

A

Capsule, pore
forming toxin allows
entry into host

17
Q

Streptococcus
agalactiae (also called
group B strep) Diseases/Symptoms

A

Pneumonia
Majority of neonatal
meningitis

18
Q

Streptococcus
agalactiae (also called
group B strep) Diagnostics

A

Catalase –
β hemolysis
Strep B
bacitracin resistant

19
Q

Streptococcus
agalactiae (also called
group B strep) Prevention/Treatment

A

Strept B is tested for
in pregnant women
since it can cause
neonatal menengitits
treat with ampicillin or
amoxicilin

20
Q

Streptococcus
agalactiae (also called
group B strep) Immune Response

A

Natural microbe of
intestines and
vagina, but can
cause excessive
inflammation,
sepsis, and death
in infants and
elderly

21
Q

Streptococcus
pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Morphology/Structure

A

Gram positive
pyogenic cocci

22
Q

Streptococcus
pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Modes of Transmission

A

Normal flora of
human pharynx

23
Q

Streptococcus
pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Virulence Factors

A

Capsule, Produces
hemolysin and H2O2
which damages CNS
and immune system.
Major cause of
community acquired
pneumonia

24
Q

Streptococcus
pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Diseases/Symptoms

A

Pneumonia, can lead to
meningitis, sinusitis and
otitis media (ear
infection)

25
Q

Streptococcus
pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Diagnostics

A

Catalase -
α hemolysis
optochin sensitive

26
Q

Streptococcus
pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Prevention/Treatment

A

Routine vaccine for
children,
Prevnar vaccine
recommeded to
adults 65 and older.
Can be treated with
amoxicillin

27
Q

Streptococcus
pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Immune Response

A

Hemolysin and
H2O2 cause
damage CNS and
immune system.

28
Q

Enterococcus faecalis
(Streptococcus
faecalis) Morphology/structure

A

Gram positive
pyogenic cocci

29
Q

Enterococcus faecalis
(Streptococcus
faecalis) Modes of Transmission

A

Normal flora of
GI tract.
Commonly
transmitted in
hospitals through
direct or passive
contact.

30
Q

Enterococcus faecalis
(Streptococcus
faecalis) Virulence Factors

A

Plasmid encoded
hemolysin and
aggregation
substance promotes
host cell lysis,
Suppresses action of
lymphocytes,
Produces biofilms

31
Q

Enterococcus faecalis
(Streptococcus
faecalis) Diseases/Symptoms

A

Urinary tract infections
(UTI), endocarditis,
bacteremia, necrotizing
fasciitis (flesh eating
bacteria)

32
Q

Enterococcus faecalis
(Streptococcus
faecalis) Diagnostics

A

Catalase -
γ hemolysis (plasmid -
α hemolysis) ,
differntiated from
Streptococcus by
resistance to
dissolving in bile and
high salts.

33
Q

Enterococcus faecalis
(Streptococcus
faecalis) Prevention/Treatment

A

Often resistant to
penicillins and
cephalosporin, often
use vancomycin,
however, now seeing
VRE, use daptomycin

34
Q

Enterococcus faecalis
(Streptococcus
faecalis) Immune Response

A

Not common in
healthy individuals.
Usually a
nosocomial
infection where
antibiotic use is
high (leads to
VRE).

35
Q

Staphylococcus
aureus Prevention/Treatment

A

Incision and drainage
of localized lesions.
Treated with
methicillin, unless
MRSA, then treat
with vancomycin.

Micro (6 decks)

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