The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What should all control systems include?

A

Receptors, coordination centre and effectors

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2
Q

What do receptors do?

A

Detect stimuli(touch)

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3
Q

What does the ‘coordination centre’ do?

A

Receives and processes information from receptors around the body

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4
Q

Give an example of the coordination centre

A

Brain, spinal cord or pancrease

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5
Q

What do effectors do?

A

Bring about responses which restores optimum levels( body temp, blood sugar levels)

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6
Q

Give an example of effectors

A

Muscles and glands ( they include muscle contradictions or hormone release)

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7
Q

What are nerve cells called?

A

‘Neurones’

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8
Q

What are neurones function?

A

To carry electrical impulses from one place to another

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9
Q

What are a bundle of neurones called?

A

A nerve

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of neurone?

A

Sensory
Motor
Relay

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11
Q

Name some features of the nerve cells

A

Axon( long fibre), myeline sheath
Dendrons

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12
Q

What’s the function of the axon?

A

Long so they can carry messages up and down the body

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13
Q

What’s the function of the myeline sheath?

A

Insulates the axon

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14
Q

What’s the functions of dendrons?

A

Branch further as dendrites at each end- receive incoming impulses from other neurones

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15
Q

What’s a synapse?

A

The gap between 2 neurones when they meet

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16
Q

State what happens when an electrical impulse moves from one neurone to another

A

1) electrical impulse travels along the first axon
2) this trigger the nerve-ending of a neurone to release chemical messengers caused neurotransmitters
3) these chemicals diffuse across the synapse+bind with receptor molecules on the membrane of the 2nd neurone
4)receptor molecules on the 2nd neurone bind to specific neurotransmitters released from 1st neurone
5)this stimulates the 2nd neurone to transmit the electrical impulse

17
Q

What do receptor cells detect?

A

A change in the environment( stimulus) and start electrical signals along neurones- this moves to central nervous system -CNS.

18
Q

What happens after the receptor cell moves the electrical signals to the CNS?

A

The relay neurone coordinates the responses, sending messages back along different neurones to the muscles

19
Q

What do the effectors do after the CNS sent the response?

A

Muscles contract/relax
Glands secrete hormones

20
Q

Give what happens receptors to response

A

Stimulus
Receptor(sensory neurone)
CNS/relay neurones
Motor neurones
Effectors
Response

21
Q

What’re receptors?

A

Groups of specialised cells-detect a change in the environment and stimulate electrical impulse in response

22
Q

Give the pathway of a reflex

A

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neurone
Relay neurone
Motor neurone
Effector
Response

23
Q

Give the steps in the reflex arc in more detail

A

1) skin detects a stimulus
2)sensory neurones send electrical impulses to relay neurones- located in the spinal chord. They connect sensory neurones to motor neurones
3) motor neurones send electrical impulses to an effector
4) the effector produces a response

24
Q

Give the aim of the practical to investigate human reaction time

A

To determine whether a factor such as caffeine or background noises affects reaction time

25
Q

What do sensory neurones do?

A

Transmit signals from receptors

26
Q

What do relay neurones do?

A

Transmit signals between neurones

27
Q

What do motor neurones do?

A

Transmit signals to effectors

28
Q

Give the sequence of events for a voluntary response

A

-Stimulated receptor— sensory neurones
-Sensory neurone send a signal to the spinal chord then to the brain
-The brain processes then sends a signal via a motor neurone to the effector
- effector carried out the response

29
Q

Give the sequence of an involuntary action (reflex)

A

-stimulated receptor send a signal to a sensory neurone
-the sensory neurone sends a signal to a relay neurone in the spinal chord
-relay neurone connects to a motor neurone
-Response travels from the motor neurone to the effector
-effector carries out the response