13.2 Pathology: Infectious causes of hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Where does hepatitis replicate?

How does damage occur?

A

Hepatocytes in the liver

Immune response causes liver damage

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2
Q

Is hepatitis cytolytic?

A

No! Most disease is immune-mediated

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3
Q

What does exposure to hepatitis in early life result in?

A

-Less severe acute disease

Higher rates of chronic -infection

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4
Q

Which viruses cause chronic infection?

A

HBV, HCV

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5
Q

Are hepatitis viruses related? Is there cross-protection?

A

Not related

No cross protection

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6
Q

What family is HAV?

What kind of virus is it?

A

Picornaviridae-hepatovirus

Non-enveloped + ssRNA (resistant to stomach acid)

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7
Q

What is the protection for HAV?

A

Immunisation (single serotype worldwide)

-Inactivated whole vaccine (highly effective, 100% after 2 doses)

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8
Q

Where does HAV replicate?

A

Initially in intestinal epithelia, main site in liver

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9
Q

What is the acute and chronic HAV serological response?

How can we determine this?

A

Acute: initial IgM increase
Chronic: IgG (rising titre)

Test via ELISA

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10
Q

What family is HEV?

What kind of virus is it?

A

Hepeviridae (formerly Caliciviridae)

Non-enveloped + ssRNA (fragile)

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11
Q

How is HEV transmitted?

How is it prevented?

A

Fecal contaminated water (minimal person to person transmission)

Sanitation (no vaccine yet, immune globulin not effective)

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12
Q

What is the serological course of HEV?

A

Symptoms coincide with ALT end of increase, slow decrease.

IgM/IgG same as HAV

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