13.2 Pathology: Infectious causes of hepatitis Flashcards
Where does hepatitis replicate?
How does damage occur?
Hepatocytes in the liver
Immune response causes liver damage
Is hepatitis cytolytic?
No! Most disease is immune-mediated
What does exposure to hepatitis in early life result in?
-Less severe acute disease
Higher rates of chronic -infection
Which viruses cause chronic infection?
HBV, HCV
Are hepatitis viruses related? Is there cross-protection?
Not related
No cross protection
What family is HAV?
What kind of virus is it?
Picornaviridae-hepatovirus
Non-enveloped + ssRNA (resistant to stomach acid)
What is the protection for HAV?
Immunisation (single serotype worldwide)
-Inactivated whole vaccine (highly effective, 100% after 2 doses)
Where does HAV replicate?
Initially in intestinal epithelia, main site in liver
What is the acute and chronic HAV serological response?
How can we determine this?
Acute: initial IgM increase
Chronic: IgG (rising titre)
Test via ELISA
What family is HEV?
What kind of virus is it?
Hepeviridae (formerly Caliciviridae)
Non-enveloped + ssRNA (fragile)
How is HEV transmitted?
How is it prevented?
Fecal contaminated water (minimal person to person transmission)
Sanitation (no vaccine yet, immune globulin not effective)
What is the serological course of HEV?
Symptoms coincide with ALT end of increase, slow decrease.
IgM/IgG same as HAV
