1.3.2 Protocols and Layers

Question 1

What is a wired connection between devices?

Answer 1

Physical connection

Question 2

What are examples of a wired connection?

Answer 2

Ethernet cable, used to connect to NICs, routers and switches

Question 3

How many gigabytes per second can wired connection handle?

Answer 3

100

Question 4

What is a wireless connection?

Answer 4

use of radio waves to transmit a signal or message between compatible devices.

Question 5

What does a wireless local area network signal to modern devices?

Answer 5

2.4 to 5GHz

Question 6

What is Bluetooth?

Answer 6

a short range, wireless, personal network technology standard (10m)

Question 7

When is Bluetooth commonly used?

Answer 7

wireless speakers
headphones
game controllers

Question 8

What is the need for encryption?

Answer 8

Prevents unauthorised external access

Question 9

What does a encrypted file require to access it?

Answer 9

Key or passwords

Question 10

What do current Wi-Fi encryption standards use?

Answer 10

Wired equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Wi-Fi-Protected Access (WPA, WPA2, WPA3)

Question 11

What is wired equivalent privacy

Answer 11

oldest and least secure standard. Easily hacked and not recommended on modern devices.

Question 12

What is Wi-Fi-Protected Access?

Answer 12

combines encryption with a secure password to protect WLAN access. WPA3 is most recent + secure.

Question 13

What is an IP address?

Answer 13

Assigned to network devices to allow data transfer across the Internet using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/IP.

Question 14

Qualities of an IP address?

Answer 14

Are described as static if permanently assigned to a key network device.
Are described as dynamic if assigned by router within a network and can change each time the network is restarted.
Normally stored as four denary numbers.

Question 15

How is it possible to use operating systems and applications across multiple devices?

Answer 15

Because manufacturers and program developers conform to certain agreed standards.

Question 16

What do Hardware Standards include?

Answer 16

Common interface or charging sockets, motherboard compatibility and communication connectivity

Question 17

What do Software Standards include?

Answer 17

Common file types, operating systems and web browsing formats.

Question 18

What are all the Network Protocols?

Answer 18

TCP/IP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTPS (HTTP Secure)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
POP (Post Office Protocol)
IMAP (Internet Message Action Protocol)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Question 19

What does HTTP stand for?

Answer 19

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Question 20

What does HTTPS stand for?

Answer 20

HTTP Secure

Question 21

What does FTP stand for?

Answer 21

File Transfer Protocol

Question 22

What does POP stand for?

Answer 22

Post Office Protocol

Question 23

What does IMAP stand for?

Answer 23

Internet Message Action Protocol

Question 24

What does SMTP stand for?

Answer 24

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Question 25

What is TCP/IP?

Answer 25

A set of protocols that allow computers on multiple networks, including the internet, to transmit and receive data packets

Question 26

What is HTTP?

Answer 26

Rules followed by web servers and web clients, or browsers, which host, and present websites based on our requests

Question 27

What is HTTPS?

Answer 27

Encrypts communication between server and client – makes secure online shopping and banking possible

Question 28

What is FTP?

Answer 28

Used to connect clients and servers across a network to exchange files. Traditionally used to upload files to a web server

Question 29

What is POP?

Answer 29

Used to log in to and retrieve email messages from a mail server. When connected, all messages are downloaded to that device.

Question 30

What is IMAP?

Answer 30

Allow access to an email server but, rather than downloading messages, they are simply read. Allows synchronised access from multiple devices, unlike POP.

Question 31

What is SMTP?

Answer 31

Used to send emails messages to an email server rather than to receive messages

Question 32

What are layers?

Answer 32

set of protocols with specific functions.

Question 33

What layers can data be transmitted between?

Answer 33

Adjacent layers

Question 34

What is an Application Layer?

Answer 34

Data relevant to web browsers and email clients – HTTP, FTP, SMTP

Question 35

What is a Transport Layer?

Answer 35

Ensures that data is sent and received correctly between network hosts - TCP

Question 36

What is an Internet/Network Layer?

Answer 36

Communicates the IP addresses of all devices used in data traffic between network routers - IP

Question 37

What is a Data Link Layer?

Answer 37

Concerned with physical data transfer over cables - Ethernet