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4th Year Finals > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What can 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride be used for?

A

LUTS symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

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2
Q

Mechanism of 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride

A

Reduce size of Prostate Gland
Inhibit 5a Reductase which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which stimulates prostate growth

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3
Q

Adverse effects of 5A Reductase Inhibitors such as Finesteride and Dutasteride? (4)

A

Impotence
Decreased Libido
Gynaecomastia
Breast Cancer

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4
Q

Name two 5a reductase inhibitors?

A

Finesteride
Dutasteride

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5
Q

What can Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors such as Donepezil and Rivastigmine be used for?

A

Mild to Moderate alzheimers

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6
Q

Name common adverse effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors such as Donepezil and Rivastigmine (5)

A

GI Upset
Bronchospasm
Peptic Ulcers
Bradycardia
Risk of Neuroleptic Malignant

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7
Q

Rivastigmine can worsen tremor in what condition?

A

Parkinsons

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8
Q

Name two acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Donepezil and Rivastigmine

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9
Q

What is the antidote for Paracetamol Poisoning?

A

IV Acetylcysteine

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10
Q

What can aldosterone antagonists such as Spironolactone and Epeleronone be used for? (3)

A

Ascites and Oedema due to Liver Cirrhosis
Chronic Heart Failure
Primary Hyperaldosteronism

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11
Q

First line aldosterone antagonist for Ascites and Oedema due to Liver Cirrhosis?

A

Spirnolactone

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12
Q

Aldosterone is produced where?

A

Adrenal Cortex

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13
Q

What type of steroid is Aldosterone?

A

Mineralcorticoid

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14
Q

What does Aldosterone act on?

A

Mineralcorticoid receptors in distal tubules of kidney to increase activity of luminal epithelium sodium

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15
Q

Name important adverse effects of aldosterone antagonists such as Spirnolactone and Eplerenone? (3)

A

Hyperkalaemia
Gynaecomastia
Steven Johnson Syndrome

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16
Q

Aldosterone antagonists such as Spirnolactone and Eplerenone are contraindicated in what three conditions?

A

Severe Renal Impairment
Hyperkalaemia
Adrenal Insufficiency

17
Q

Name two aldosterone antagonists?

A

Spirnolactone
Eplerenone

18
Q

Alginates and Antacids such as Sodium Bicarbonate can be used in what conditions? (2)

A

Gord
Dyspepsia

19
Q

How do antacids work?

A

Buffering stomach acid

20
Q

How do alginates work?

A

Increase viscosity of stomach contents which reduces reflux of acid into oesophagus

21
Q

What can Allopurinol be used for? (4)

A

Attacks of Gout
Prevention of Uric Acid and Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones
Prevent Hyperuricemia and Tumour Lysis Syndrome

22
Q

What is Allopurinol?

A

Purine analogue that inhibits xanthine oxidase

23
Q

Starting allopurinol in gout can cause what?

A

Triggered or worsening acute attack of Gout

24
Q

How to prevent trigger/worsening of gout when starting Allopurinol?

A

Use with NSAID or Colchichine

25
Q

Most common side effect of Allopurinol

A

Skin Rash

26
Q

Alpha blockers such as Tamsulosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin can be used first line when?

A

Improve LUTS symptoms in BPH

27
Q

Alpha Blockers such as Tamsulosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin can be used when? (2)

A

First Line for LUTS in BPH
Resistant Hypertension

28
Q

Mechanism of Action for Alpha Blockers?

A

Vasodilation and Fall in BP

29
Q

Name three alpha blockers?

A

Tamsulosin
Doxazosin
Alfuzosin

30
Q

Name two common systemic aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin and Neomycin

31
Q

Uses for systemic aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin and Neomycin (4)

A

Sepsis
Pyelonephritis and Complicated UTI
Intrabado Infection
Endocarditis

32
Q

Systemic aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin and Neomycin can cause what side effects? (2)

A

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

33
Q

Name two aminosalicylates?

A

Mesalazine and Sulfasalazine

34
Q

Aminosalicylates such as Mesalazine and Sulfasalazine are commonly used first line when?

A

Mild-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis

35
Q

Sulfasalazine can be used for what condition?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

36
Q

Amiodarone can be used for what conditions? (4)

A

Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia

37
Q

Local anaesthetic mechanism?

A

Reversibly inhibit voltage gated sodium channels

4th Year Finals (37 decks)

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