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Org Mol > Alkynes and cycloalkynes > Flashcards

Alkynes and cycloalkynes Flashcards

1
Q

unsaturated hydrocarbons where some hydrogens have been replaced by triple carbon-carbon bonds

A

alkynes

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2
Q

General Formula of alkynes

A

CnH2n-2

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3
Q

Carbons in triple bond are __ __ and have __ geometry

A
  • sp hybridized
  • linear
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4
Q

sp hybridized angle

A

180

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5
Q

sp2 hybridized angle

A

120

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6
Q

sp3 hybridized angle

A

109.5

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7
Q

3 bonds of alkynes

A
  • 1 sigma bond
  • 2 pi bonds
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8
Q

carbon triple bond is __ than carbon double bond

A

stronger

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9
Q

bond length of triple bonds compared to double bonds

A

shorter

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10
Q

__ __ are easy to break. Opening opportunity for reactions

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons

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11
Q

open bonds from the uncoiling of triple and double bonds, the opened bonds could provide connections for carbon atoms to attach to

A

polymerization

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12
Q

How to name alkynes

A
  1. find longest chain with triple bond
  2. start counting closest to triple bond
  3. in presence of alcohol, number starting to closest alcohol
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13
Q

suffix of alkynes with alcohol

A

-ynol

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14
Q

name of alkyne that is a substituent

A

alkynyl (ex. ethynyl)

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15
Q

molecule that contains both double and triple bonds

A

alkenyne

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16
Q

how to number alkenyne

A

starting end closest to the functional group that appears first

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17
Q

simplest form of alkyne

A

acetylene (ethyne)

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18
Q

consist of closed ring of carbon atoms containing one or more triple bonds

A

cycloalkyne

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19
Q

the linear nature of alkyne unit makes cycloalkynes __

A

strained

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20
Q

because of linear nature of alkynes, cycloalkynes are __ __ occuring organic compounds

A

very rare

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21
Q

General Formula of cycloalkynes

A

CnH2n-4

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22
Q

Two types of alkynes

A
  1. terminal
  2. internal
23
Q

a carbon-carbon triple bond at the end of the carbon chain

A

terminal alkynes

24
Q

carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle of the carbon chain

A

internal alkynes

25
Q

boiling point of alkynes compared to other hydrocarbons

A

higher boiling point

26
Q

electric field of alkynes

A

more susceptible to distortion

27
Q

why is the electric field of alkynes more susceptible to distorition

A

due to increased number of weakly held electrons

28
Q

boiling points of alkynes rise in proportion to the

A

size of molecular structres

29
Q

boiling points of alkynes rise with the increase of

A

molar mass

30
Q

density of alkynes

A
  • lighter, lower density than water
  • become more dense as mass increases
31
Q

physical state of alkynes

A
  • odorless, colorless
  • first three alkynes are gases
  • next eight alkynes are liquid
  • all alkynes higher than there are solids
32
Q

physical state:
2-4 carbon alkynes

A

gases

33
Q

physical state:
5-12 carbon alkynes

A

liquid

34
Q

physical state:
13 and above carbon alkynes

A

solid

35
Q

solubility of alkynes

A
  • dissolve in organic solvents
  • slight solubility in polar solvents
  • insoluble in water
36
Q

example of non polar organic solvents

A
  • benzene
  • ether
37
Q

polarity of alkynes

A
  • nonpolar
  • more electronegative than alkenes and alkanes
38
Q

why are alkynes more electronegative than alkanes and alkenes

A

due to sp hybridized carbon atom

39
Q

Alkynes: addition reactions

A

addition across triple bond to form alkanes

40
Q

Different addition reactions of alkynes

A
  1. hydrogenation
  2. halogenation
  3. hydrohalogenation
  4. hydration
  5. oxidation
  6. polymerization
41
Q
  • an addition reaction where hydrogen molecules are used to saturate organic compounds
  • process is effective under certain catalytic conditions and controlled temperatures depending on the type of hydrocarbon
  • undergo the same with the same catalysts used in alkene
A

hydrogenation

42
Q
  • involves the reaction of a compound with a halogen and results in the halogen being added to the compound
  • possible to stop this reaction at alkene stage by runnint it at temperature slightly below 0C
A

halogenation

43
Q
  • When hydrogen halide is treated with alkynes (triple bond compounds) it results in the formation of gem halides.
  • Gem halides are the compounds in which two halogens are attached to the same carbon atoms in a molecule.
A

hydrohalogenation

44
Q

compounds in which two halogens are attached to the same carbon atoms in a molecule

A

Gem halides

45
Q
  • addition of water to alkynes
  • formes aldehydes and ketones
A

hydration

46
Q

what is formed after hydration of alkynes

A
  • aldehydes
  • ketones
47
Q

hydration in alkynes

A

water across triple bond via carbocation mechanism

48
Q

loss of electrons during a reaction by a molecule, atom or ion

A

Oxidation

49
Q

Alkynes undergo ozonolysis to give

A
  • acid anhydrides or diketonesion
  • carboxylic acid
50
Q

alkynes can be polymerized by both

A
  • cationic methods
  • free-radical methods
51
Q

because of the linear shape of alkynes, __ __ does not occur

A

geometric isomerism

52
Q
  • due to the different arrangment of carbon atoms in the chain that is straight-chain or branched
A

chain isomerism

53
Q
  • due to the difference in the location of triple bond
A

position isomerism

54
Q
  • alkynes are isomeric with alkadienes both being represneted by the general formula CnH2n-2
A

functional isomerism

Org Mol (12 decks)

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