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Org Mol > Isomerism and Stereochemistry > Flashcards

Isomerism and Stereochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

same chemical formula but differ in chemical and physical properties

A

isomerism

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2
Q

study of the different spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules

A

stereochemistry

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3
Q

stereochemistry is also known as __ __

A

3D chemistry

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4
Q

stereo means __

A

three-dimensional

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5
Q

one of the reasons why there is a huge array of different organic compounds that exist

A

isomers

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6
Q

Two classifications of isomers

A
  1. Structural Isomerism
  2. Stereochemical Isomerism
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7
Q

Three types of Structural Isomerism

A
  1. Skeletal Isomerism
  2. Positional Isomerism
  3. Functional Isomerism
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8
Q

Two types of Stereochemical Isomerism

A
  1. Configurational Isomers
  2. Conformational Isomers
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9
Q

Two types of Configurational Isomers

A
  1. Geometric Isomerism
  2. Optical Isomerism
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10
Q

Geometric Isomerism

A

Cis-Trans Isomerism in Cyclic Compounds

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11
Q

Two types of Optical Isomerism

A
  1. Diastereomers
  2. Enantiomerism
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12
Q

Two types of Enantiomerism

A
  1. Fischer Projection
  2. Chiral Center
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13
Q

Structural Isomerism or __ __ in IUPAC nomenclature

A

Constitutional isomerism

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14
Q

occurs when two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formula due to different arrangements of how atoms are connected

A

Structural Isomerism

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15
Q

skeletal isomerism is also called __ __

A

chain isomerism

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16
Q

differ only in the arrangement of atoms in the carbon skeleton

A

skeletal isomerism

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17
Q

dimethylbenzene is knwon collectively as __

A

xylenes

18
Q

difference with the position of the same functional group in a carbon chain

A

positional isomerism

19
Q

same molecular formula, but different functional groups

A

functional isomerism

20
Q

same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms, but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space

A
  1. Geometric Isomerism
  2. Optical Isomerism
21
Q

occurs when a compound contains a double bond, and has two different atoms or groups that are attached to each of the carbons in the double bond

A

geometric isomerism

22
Q

formed when two hydrogen are on the same side (top or bottom) of the double bond

A

cis isomers

23
Q

occur when two hydrogens are on opposite sides

A

trans isomers

24
Q
  • non-interconvertable
  • interconversion must need bond breaking and making
A

configurational isomers

25
Q

stereoisomers that cannot be converted into one another by rotating the molecule around a single bond

A

configurational isomers

26
Q

ability of a chiral molecule to rotate the plane of plane-polarised light

A

optical activity

27
Q

used to measure plane of plane-polarised light

A

polarimeter

28
Q

simple polarimeter consists of:

A
  • light source
  • polarising lens
  • sample tube
  • analysing lens
29
Q

stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another

A

enantiomers

30
Q

structural basis of enantiomerism

A

chirality

31
Q

any molecule that is superimposable on its mirror image

A

achiral

32
Q

tetrahedral atom in a molecule bearing four different ligands, with lone pairs, if any, treated as ligands (or substituents)

A

chiral center

33
Q

in determining chiral center, keep going down the __

A

chain

34
Q

a way to represent three-dimensional molecules in two dimensions

A

fischer projections

35
Q

two-step procedure to determine absolute configuration of a chiral center in Fischer projection

A
  1. Assign priority numbers to four lgans on chiral center
  2. trace three highest-priority ligands
36
Q

partial stereoisomers that have at least two stereocenters and differ in configuration at some, but not all, of these stereocenters

A

diastereomers

37
Q
  • non-mirror image stereomers
  • do not have a relationship of symmetry or chirality between them
A

diastereomers

38
Q

to identify a diastereomer of a chiral compound, it must only…

A

have different configurations at some stereocenters but not all

39
Q

diastereomers that are optically inactive due to their symmetry

A

meso compounds

40
Q

two identical substituents are present on the same side of a compound

A

cis configuration

41
Q

two identical substituents are present on the opposite side of a compound

A

trans configuration

Org Mol (12 decks)

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