Chapter 8: Personality Flashcards
What is personality?
Enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that characterize a person’s response to situations.
Define the conscious, preconscious, and subconscious.
Conscious: immediate awareness of current environment
Preconscious: available to awareness if called upon
Unconscious: unavailable to awareness; most powerful effect on mind
Define the id, ego, and superego.
Id: 100% unconscious, inner core of personality, no direct interaction with reality
Ego: conscious and preconscious that interacts with reality
Superego: Moral framework; repository of beliefs and ideals for self that are dictated by society
How do the ego and id relate to the pleasure and reality principles?
The id is dictated by the pleasure principle, seeks pleasure and avoids pain without any reasoning.
The ego is dictated by the reality principle, interacts with reality and assesses whether or not actions can be appropriately done to satisfy the id.
What are some common defense mechanisms?
Displacement, repression, sublimation, regression, denial, projection, and rationalization.
What are the five erogenous zones related to psychosexual stages in Freudian psychosexual development?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
How do neoanalytic approaches differ from Freudian psychoanalysis?
More emphasis on socio-psychological factors.
What is the goal of the humanistic approach?
Utilizing the role of human consciousness in seeking self-actualization.
What are personal constructs under George Kelly’s construct theory?
Cognitive categories which sort the people and events in their lives, similar to schemas.
What is fixed-role therapy?
Prescription of roles different from client’s view, challenging personal constructs.
Define congruence.
Consistency between self-perception and actual experience in life.
Define self-esteem.
How positively or negatively one feels about themselves.
How do conditional and unconditional positive regard differ?
Positive regard is given dependent vs independent of person’s behaviour.
How is the humanistic approach criticized by psychoanalysts?
Over-reliance on self-reports.
Cattell’s sixteen personality factor model employs a (splitter/lumper) approach.
splitter
