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BIOS 483 > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Limbic system functions

A
  • emotion
  • learning
  • memory
  • motivation
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2
Q

Limbic system structures

A
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • entorhinal cortex
  • stria terminalis
  • fornix
  • septum
  • olfactory bulb
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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Sends response to the cortex (to implement behavior and mood) and to the autonomic nervous system (to implement the visceral response)

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4
Q

Thalamus functions

A
  • affective behavior
  • decision making
  • judgement
  • memory
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5
Q

Mamillary bodies

A

Brainstem nuclei on the posterior/inferior aspect of the hypothalamus (anterior arches of the fornix)

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6
Q

Mamillary bodies inputs

A
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
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7
Q

Mamillary bodies outputs

A
  • thalamus
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8
Q

Mamillary bodies functions

A
  • spatial memory
  • recollective memory
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9
Q

Mamillary bodies damage

A
  • amnesia
  • wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
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10
Q

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

A
  • Caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1)
  • amnesia
  • inability to form new memories
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11
Q

Hippocampus involvement

A
  • declarative memory (facts and episodic memory)
  • navigation
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12
Q

Hippocampal connections

A

Direct connection between the hippocampus and the frontal lobe in both directions, important for working memory

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13
Q

Hippocampal output

A

Output to the adjacent temporal lobe which helps to store long-term memories

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14
Q

Fornix role

A

Transmit information from the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies and to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus

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15
Q

Entorhinal cortex (EC) functions

A
  • declarative memory
  • spatial memories
  • processes eye and ear stimuli
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16
Q

EC damage

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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17
Q

Olfaction functions

A
  • odor warning: escape predator or threat
  • odor motivation: move towards food or male
  • memory recall
18
Q

Olfactory bulb connections

A

Amygdala via piriform cortex

19
Q

Olfactory bulb inputs

A

10 million olfactory neurons to glomeruli in OB

20
Q

Olfactory bulb outputs

A
  • amygdala
  • orbitofrontal cortex
  • hippocampus
21
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Processes emotions including fear
  • located in medial temporal lobe anterior to the hippocampus
22
Q

Amygdala nuclei

A

Multiple interconnected nuclei within temporal lobe:
- basolateral
- lateral
- central
- basal
- medial nucleus

23
Q

Amygdala consists of:

A
  • glutamatergic pyramidal cells
  • GABAergic interneurons
  • GABAergic projection neurons
  • corticotropin releasing factor
  • neuropeptide Y
  • Dynonorphin
24
Q

Lateral amygdala (LA) anatomy

A
  • glutamatergic pyramidal cells (primarily)
  • GABA interneurons
25
Q

LA inputs

A
  • sensory thalamus
  • cortex
26
Q

LA outputs

A
  • basolateral amygdala
  • central amygdala
27
Q

LA role

A

Initiation of fear CS-US learning AKA pavlovian fear

28
Q

Basolateral amygdala (BLA) anatomy

A
  • pyramidal glutamate neurons
  • GABA interneurons
29
Q

BLA inputs

A
  • lateral amygdala
  • VTA
30
Q

BLA outputs

A

central amygdala (CeA)

31
Q

BLA to CeA circuit

A

Main circuit for emotional arousal

32
Q

BLA functions

A
  • fear response
  • consolidation of fear memories
  • pain memories
33
Q

Central amygdala (CeA)

A
  • major output of the nucleus of the amygdala
  • modulates negative affect
34
Q

CeA anatomy

A

Neuropeptides (CRF, NPY, dynorphin)

35
Q

CeA involvement

A

Involved in mechanisms of drug intake and withdrawal

36
Q

Amygdala fear circuit

A

Neural system for processing fearful and threatening stimuli including detection of threat and activation of appropriate fear-related behaviors in response to threatening or dangerous stimuli

37
Q

Extended amgydala

A

A continuum of neural tissue from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the shell of the nucleus accumbens

38
Q

Extended amygdala involvement

A

Involved with emotional regulation, stress, fear, reward, drug and alcohol use disorder

39
Q

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)

A
  • part of extended amygdala
  • comprised of different subnuclei
  • sexually dimporphic
  • located ventrally in the basal forebrain between the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus
  • extremely heterogenous
40
Q

BNST input

A

Input from BLA and CeA

41
Q

BNST anatomy

A
  • glutamatergic cells
  • GABAergic projection cells
  • GABAergic interneurons
  • plethora of peptides
42
Q

BNST function

A
  • stress
  • fear
  • anxiety
  • addiction
  • gender identity

BIOS 483 (14 decks)

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