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EQM351 > Lawsonia Intracellularis > Flashcards

Lawsonia Intracellularis Flashcards

1
Q

What animal was lawsonia intracellularis described in before horses?

A

swine

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2
Q

What type of bacteria is it?

A

obligate intracellular bacteria

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3
Q

When was the disease isolated and identified?

A

mid 1990s (newer)

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4
Q

What does the disease produce?

A

a lot of proliferative enteropathy (multiplies endothelial cells)

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5
Q

Where is the disease found?

A

worldwide (causes disease in many species)

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6
Q

What is the source of infection in foals?

A

not yet identified
(possibly deer, foxes, wolves, etc.)

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7
Q

Can lawsonia intracellularis transmit between species?

A

it has been experimentally demonstrated so it can happen

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8
Q

How is it transmitted?

A

fecal-oral transmission

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9
Q

What age does the disease generally infect?

A

younger ages (3-13 months)

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10
Q

What does it mean that lawsonia intracellularis is an emergent disease?

A

that cases are rising

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11
Q

What does the severity of the disease depend on?

A

-depends on the load of bacteria ingested
-immune status of the horse

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12
Q

What is the process of the infection?

A

-bacteria invades dividing intestinal cells
-infected cells continue to divide even if heavily infection
-develops as a progressive proliferation of immature epithelial cells, invaded with intracellular bacteria

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13
Q

What do lesions reduce?

A

intestinal digestive and absorptive capabilities (leads to diarrhea and weight loss)

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14
Q

The cells are multiply but…

A

not working correctly

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15
Q

Clinical signs of lawsonia intracellularis:

A

-depression
-fever
-anorexia
-weight loss
-diarrhea
-colic
-poor body condition
-rough coat
-pot-bellied
-dull

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16
Q

What do we see in the necropsy (pathological findings)?1

A

-emaciation, subcutaneous edema (swelling under the skin)
-thickening of intestinal mucosa, lesions generally on duodenum and ileum
-muscular hypertrophy of intestinal wall

17
Q

What is the histology of lawsonia intracellularis?

A

hyperplasia of epithelium

18
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis is more ______ than other diseases

A

chronic

19
Q

It can be diagnosed by differentiating it from:

A

Common GI diseases:
-intestinal obstruction
-sand impaction
-parasites
-ulcers
-Salmonella
-Rhodococcus
-Clostridium
-PHF

20
Q

How is the disease diagnosed?

A

-clinical signs
-exclusion of other enteric disease
-abdominal ultrasound (to see thickening of intestinal wall, serology
-exclude the more common diseases first

21
Q

How does treatment with antibiotics work?

A

they are able to enter the cell as organism is obligate intracellular

22
Q

What is the main antibiotic used?

A

Erythromycin (or chlorythromycin)
-PO
-TID
-for 3 weeks

23
Q

Can you use erythromycin in older horses?

A

no because it is a macrolide (causes severe and deadly diarrhea)

24
Q

What has to happen when a horse is taking erythromycin?

A

they must stay inside
-the antibiotic phoyosynthesizes

25
Q

What other antibiotics can be used?

A

-chloramphenicol
-tetracyclines
-metronidazole

26
Q

What antibiotics do not treat the disease?

A

-penicilin
-SMZ-TMP
-gentamicin

27
Q

What would Omeprazole be given for?

A

preventing gastric ulcers

28
Q

When should fluids be given during treatment?

A

if the horse has severe diarrgea

29
Q

Do horses respond well to treatment?

A

yes, the biggest issue is diagnosing it

30
Q

How can it be prevented?

A

-epidemiology is not very understood so prevention methods are hard to achieve
-isolation of infected foals
-disinfection of barn and stalls (with paraquat, povidone-iodine)

31
Q

How can lawsonia intracellularis affect humans?

A

it is not yet considered a zoonotic disease, but the disease has been described recently in primates so we may be susceptible to infection

EQM351 (28 decks)

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