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Biology (Animal Management) > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Four blood components?

A

-Plasma
-Platelets
-Erythrocytes
-Leukocytes

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2
Q

Function of plasma?

A

Transports waste, nutrients, hormones and water around the body

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3
Q

Function of platelets?

A

Form clots to stop bleeding and prevent pathogens from entering

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4
Q

Where are erythrocytes and leukocytes produced?

A

In the bone marrow

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5
Q

Function of erythrocytes?

A

-Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen

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6
Q

Structure of erythrocytes?

A

-No nucleus so they can contain more haemoglobin
-Small and flexible to fit through narrow blood vessels
-Biconcave shape to maximise surface area for oxygen absorption

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7
Q

Three types of leukocytes?

A

-T lymphocytes
-B lymphocytes
-Phagocytes

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8
Q

Function of T-Lymphocytes?

A

Destroy pathogens and abnormal cells

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9
Q

Function of B-Lymphocytes?

A

Make antibodies which attach to bacteria and viruses

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10
Q

Function of Phagocytes

A

Ingest and destroy pathogens such as bacteria

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11
Q

What is the difference between single and double circulation?

A

Single circulation: blood only does one loop from heart to lungs to body.
Double circulation: blood goes through the heart twice, heart to lungs to heart to body

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12
Q

Function of arteries?

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and deliver it to cells around the body
*Exception: pulmonary artery (carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs)

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13
Q

Structure of arteries?

A

-Under high pressure
-Smaller lumen
-Thick outer walls

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14
Q

Function of veins?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
*Exception: pulmonary vein (carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart)

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15
Q

Structure of veins?

A

-Under low pressure
-Have valves to prevent back flow
-Larger lumen
-Thinner outer walls

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16
Q

Functions of capillaries?

A

-Join up arteries and veins as well as going to every cell in the body to deliver nutrients, water, oxygen, glucose and remove waste
-Has a role in gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

17
Q

Structure of capillaries?

A

-One cell thick to allow for diffusion to occur
-Very small lumen

18
Q

Four blood vessels in the heart?

A

-Vena cava
-Pulmonary artery
-Pulmonary vein
-Aorta

19
Q

Function of the vena cava?
B > RA

A

Vein bringing in deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart

20
Q

Function of the pulmonary artery?
RV > L

A

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle of the heart

21
Q

Function of the pulmonary vein?
L > LA

A

Takes oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

22
Q

Function of the aorta?
LV > B

A

Takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body

23
Q

Four chambers of the heart?

A

-Right atrium
-Left atrium
-Right ventricle
-Left ventricle

24
Q

Why is the left side of the heart more muscular?

A

It pumps blood all around the body so it has further to go, therefore it needs to be a higher pressure and have more muscle.
The right side only pumps blood to the lungs so it doesn’t have to go as far.

25
Q

Function of valves in the heart?

A

Separate the atrium/ventricle and prevent back flow

26
Q

Name of the valve on the right side of the heart?

A

Tricuspid valve
*TRI before you bi

27
Q

Name of the valve on the left side of the heart?

A

Bicuspid valve
*Tri before you BI

28
Q

What are the other two valves called?
(besides the tri/bi-cuspid valves)

A

-Pulmonary valve
-Aortic valve

29
Q

What are the two heart nodes called?

A

-Sino Atrial Node (SA)
-Atrioventricular Node (AV)

30
Q

Function of the Sino Atrial Node?

A

-Causes left and right atria to contract
-Sends the signal to the Atrioventricular Node

31
Q

Function of the Atrioventricular Node?

A

-Provides a delay of 0.1 second between contractions of Atrium and Ventricles
-Makes sure Atria are empty of blood
-Electrical signal from AV Node goes down into two bundles

32
Q

Function of Bundles of His?

A

Conduct signal down to the Purkinje fibres to contract the ventricles

33
Q

Function of Purkinje fibres?

A

Synchronised contractions of ventricles maintaining the hearts rhythm

Biology (Animal Management) (9 decks)

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