Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of respiratory diseases

A

Asthma, COPD, Influenza, CF and COVID-19

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2
Q

Define aerosol

A

Relatively stable suspension of solid particles/liquid droplets in a gas

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3
Q

Give examples of aerosols

A

Dust, smoke, fog and mist

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4
Q

Define droplet transmission

A

Coughs or sneeze can spread droplets of saliva and mucus

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5
Q

Define airborne transmission

A

Tiny particles possibly produced by talking are suspended in the air longer and travel further

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6
Q

Advantages of systemic delivery for inhalation therapy

A

extensive blood supply and large SA => rapid drug absorption
avoids GI tract

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7
Q

What controls aerosol behaviour?

A

movement of particles in the air is controlled by the interaction with other surrounding molecules and gravity

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8
Q

What do aerodynamic properties depend on ?

A

Size, shape and density

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9
Q

Name aerosol allergens

A

bacteria, viruses, smoke, tobacco smoke, household dust, coal dust

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10
Q

Name the three particle deposition mechanisms

A

Inertial impaction (90%), Sedimentation (9%), Diffusion

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11
Q

Describe inertial impaction

A

large, heavy particle breathed in quickly cannot turn quick enough so goes straight on and sticks to the back of the throat gets swallowed, dose not reach lungs

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12
Q

Describe gravitational sedimentation

A

Occurs where air velocity is low in the RT so residence time is high therefore sedimentation builds up

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13
Q

Describe diffusion deposition

A

Not influenced by gravity but influenced by the air molecules that are bombarding them from different random directions

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14
Q

Define interception

A

Long fibrous particles deposit on contact with the walls as they can’t turn around the bend

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15
Q

Define electrostatic deposition

A

Charged particles repel and increases migration towards airway walls and increased efficiency of deposition

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16
Q

What factors affect aerosol deposition

A

aerosol properties (aerodynamic diameter, particle size distribution), mode of inhalation (flow rate, inhaled volume, breath holding pause), patient-related factors (anatomical and physiology variations, obstructive airways disease)