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BM211 microbiology > Block B 1 > Flashcards

Block B 1 Flashcards

gram-positive bacteria

1
Q

chemicals used in gram stain

A

crystal violet
iodine sol
alcohol
safarin

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2
Q

what colour do gram +ve cells turn

A

purple

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3
Q

what colour do gram -ve cells turn

A

pink to red

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4
Q

what do gram +ve cell walls contain

A

90% peptidoglycan

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5
Q

what is common to have embedded in +ve cell walls

A

teichoic acids

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6
Q

what are lipoteichoic acids

A

teichioc acids covalently bound to membrane lipids

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7
Q

what is morphology

A

cell shape

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8
Q

the 3 major gram +ve bacterial groups

A

actinobacteria
tenericutes
firmicutes

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9
Q

how many taxonomic groups associated with corynebacterium, arthobacter

A

30

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10
Q

2 things that come from corynebacterium, arthrobacter

A

C.diptheria (diphtheria)
C. glutamicum (MSG)

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11
Q

shape of mycobacterium

A

rod shaped

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12
Q

2 things that come from mycobacterium

A

M. tuberculosis
M. leprae

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13
Q

what group makes up 70% of all antibiotics

A

filamentous actinobacteria

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14
Q

2 examples of filamentous bacteria

A

streptomyces, norcardia

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15
Q

shape of lactobacillus

A

rod shaped
grow in chains

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16
Q

uses of lactobacillus

A

dairy products
yogurt
sauerkraut
resistant to acidic conditions (grow in pH as low as 4)

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17
Q

what does the fermentation od lactose produce

A

lactic acid

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18
Q

shape of streptococcus

A

coccus shaped
grow in chains

19
Q

lactococcus use

A

genus of dairy significance

20
Q

enterococcus

A

UTIs
endocarditis
diverticulitis
meningitis

21
Q

streptococcus species

A

dental plaque

22
Q

streptococcus viridans

A

scarlet (rheumatic) fever

23
Q

streptococcus pyogenes

A

strep throat
necrotizing fascilitis

24
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A

pneumonia

25
Q

example of nonsporulating bacillales and clostridiales

A

staphlococcus

26
Q

2 conditions associated with S. aureus

A

methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
vancomycin resistant MRSA

27
Q

what of the 3 main groups do sporulating bacillales and clostridales belong to

A

firmicutes

28
Q

where are bacillus, clostridium, sporosarcina generally found

A

soil

29
Q

what are endospores advantageous for

A

soil microorganisms

30
Q

significance of B. subtilis

A

gram +ve eqvn of E.coli as a model organism

31
Q

is clostridium aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic
lacks a resp chain

32
Q

how does clostridium produce ATP

A

by substrate-level phosphorylation

33
Q

what species perform stickland reactions

A

some clostridium

34
Q

what is a stickland reaction

A

metabolism of a pair of amino acids

35
Q

what do pathogenic species of clostridium cause

A

botulism
tetanus
gangrene

36
Q

3 forms of anthrax and their prognosis

A

-cutaneous: insect bite (fair prognosis)
-GI: eating contaminated meat (intermed. prognosis)
-inhalation (pulmonary: inhaling spores (poor prognosis)

37
Q

what can all forms of anthrax poisoning lead to

A

fatal systemic anthrax

38
Q

what is capsule when talking about surface structures of B. anthracis

A

linear polymer of y-D-glutamic sheath

39
Q

what is S layer when talking about surface structures of B. anthracis

A

proteinaceous paracrystalline sheath

40
Q

what are AB toxins

A

toxins with intracellular target that have 2 functionally distinct regions (A&B)

41
Q

what is A responsible for in AB toxins

A

enzymatic activity

42
Q

what is B responsible for in AB toxins

A

for host cell binding or entry of A unit to cell

43
Q

the 2 ways that AB toxins operate

A

-single polypeptide that is proteolytically cleaved at a later stage
-separate polypeptides that subsequently assemble

BM211 microbiology (14 decks)

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