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BPK 336 - Histology > Lecture 8 - Bone > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Bone Flashcards

1
Q

def: specialized connective tissue with calcified ECM

A

bone

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2
Q

def: dense tissue, built to withstand compression

A

compact bone

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3
Q

def: contains macroscopic open space, helps balance the strength of the bone against the weight of the skeleton

A

spongy/trabecular one

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4
Q

at the end of the head of the femur, the bone forms part of a synovial joint and the outer cortical plate consists of __________ ______ _______

A

articular hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

on the shaft of this long bone, the outer layer would be formed from ___________ ____________

A

fibrous periosteum

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6
Q

between the bony trabeculae, there are _________ ___________

A

intervening spaces

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7
Q

def: bone consists of a network of interconnecting struts orientated to provide maximum strength for the minimum mass

A

trabecular (cancellous bone)

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8
Q

trabecular bone contains ____________ ___________ ___________

A

haematopoietic marrow spaces

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9
Q

what does red marrow produce?

A
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • platelets
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10
Q

what does yellow marrow produce?

A
  • fat
  • cartilage
  • bone
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11
Q

____________ have only red bone marrow, _____________ marrow forms progressively with age

A

newborns, yellow

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12
Q

where is red bone marrow in adults?

A

primarily located in the bones of the axial skeleton, like the head of the femur

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13
Q

hematopoietic cells lie in intimate contact with numerous thin-walled blood vessels called _________-

A

sinusoids

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14
Q

def: wider section at each end, made from a thin layer of compact bone and filled with spongy bone, red marrow fills the spaces in spongy bone

A

epiphysis

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15
Q

def: cylindrical long portion of each long bone, with walls of compact bone

A

diaphysis

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16
Q

def: the hollow inside of the diaphysis

A

medullary cavity

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17
Q

def: dense irregular connective tissue membrane covering the other surface of most bones (except were synovial cartilage covers bone in joints)

A

periosteum

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18
Q

def: contains both collagen and elastin, as well as blood vessels and nerves

A

fibrous layer

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19
Q

def: contains both mature osteocytes and multi-potent precursors

A

cellular layer

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20
Q

what does the periosteum do?

A

supplies blood to bone

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21
Q

where are nociceptors in bone?

A

in the spongy bone

22
Q

def: microscopic structural units of compact bone, long, cylindrical structure with a central channel called a Haversian canal, containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

A

osteons

23
Q

def: each osteon contains concentric rings of this that forms in layers around a central Haversian canal

A

lamellar bone

24
Q

where do osteocytes reside?

A

lacunae

25
Q

def: prominent filopodia that extend through channels in the bone

A

canaliculi

26
Q

what are the traversing blood vessels in compact bone called?

A

volkman

27
Q

trabecular bone still grows in a laminar fashion, but lacks ________ and ____________ _______

A

osteons and Haversian canals

28
Q

canaliculi from lacunae in trabecular bone open to the surface of the ________________, allowing osteocytes to communicate with highly vascular bone marrow

A

endosteum

29
Q

def: regions between Haversian systems, remnants of older Haversian systems that have become highly mineralized

A

interstitial bone

30
Q

def: more intense staining of osteons compared to interstitial lamellae reflects their lower mineralization

A

india ink

31
Q

in India ink, the newest formed bone is stained how?

A

darker stained, it is non-mineralized, more permeable

32
Q

def: connect adjacent osteons in compact lamellar bone, such canals perforate lamellae and provide another source of microvasculature for the central canals of osteons

A

transverse perforating (Volkmann) canals

33
Q

def: maintains bone tissue

A

osteocyte

34
Q

def: forms bone matrix

A

osteoblast

35
Q

def: stem cells in bone

A

osteogenic

36
Q

def: resorbs bone

A

osteoclasts

37
Q

def: responsible for the synthesis of the organic components of bone matrix, consisting of type I collagen fibres, proteoglycans, and several glycoproteins including osteonectin

A

osteoblasts

38
Q

where are osteoblasts located?

A

exclusively at the surfaces of bone matrix, usually side by side in a layer somewhat resembling a simple epithelium

39
Q

active osteoblasts look like:

A

cuboidal to columnar shape and basophilic cytoplasm

40
Q

declining osteoblasts look like:

A

they flatten and cytoplasmic basophilia is reduced

41
Q

when bone matrix is actively proliferating, it is adding _____________

A

hydroxyapatite

42
Q

def: remain active cells, regulating the mineral content of the bony matrix, exhibit less RER, smaller Golgi complexes, more condensed nuclear chromatin than osteoblasts

A

osteocytes

43
Q

which has more euchromatin, an osteoblast or osteocyte?

A

osteoblast

44
Q

osteocytes are the ________ of bone, they act as mechano-sensors to mediate load-induced adaptation and govern the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

mechano-stats

45
Q

def: very large, motile cells with multiple nuclei, arise from the fusion of hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow

A

osteoclasts

46
Q

def: enzymatically etched depressions or crypts in the matrix in areas of bone undergoing resorption

A

resorption bays

47
Q

def: appropriate remodelling to preserve bone health and function, is a product of the balanced activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts

A

bone homeostasis

48
Q

def: disease in which bone resorption outpaces bone replacement

A

osteoporosis

49
Q

def: stone bones, mutation in osteoclasts inhibits normal bone resorption

A

osteopetrosis

50
Q

def: brittle bone disease, multiple mutations, all affective Type I collagen production

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

51
Q

def: osteoclasts and osteoblasts work on opposite surfaces of bone to shape the bone in one direction

A

bone modelling

52
Q

def: osteoclasts and osteoblasts work on the same surface of bone to digest old bone and replace it with new bone

A

bone remodelling

BPK 336 - Histology (12 decks)

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