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LOCO2 > Back Prblemso > Flashcards

Back Prblemso Flashcards

1
Q

Kyphosis

A

Increased thoracic curvature

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2
Q

Would erosion or fracture of the anterior part of a vertebrae cause a lordosis or kyphosis

A

Kyphosis

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3
Q

How can osteoporosis cause kyphosis

A

Anterior wedging of vertebrae

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4
Q

Kyphoplasty

A

Vertebroplasty to treat kyphosis

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5
Q

Vertebroplasty

A

Percutaneous procedure to insert bone cement into a fractured or collapsed vertebrae to provide pain relief and prevent further collapse

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6
Q

Sheuermanns disease

A

Adolescent condition causing vertebral wedging and kyphosis due to effected epiphyseal growth plates

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7
Q

What are smorls nodes and what condition are they associated with

A

nucleolus polposus herniates downwards or upwards into the adjacent vertebrae through the vertebral endplate
Scheuermanns

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8
Q

Sheuermans disease symptoms

A

Pain - nerve impingement
Difficulty breathing - restricted chest expansion

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9
Q

Normal age range for scheuermanns disease diagnosis

A

12-17yrs

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10
Q

Scheuermanns disease treatment

A

Physio to incr paraspinals strength
Bracing
Surgery

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11
Q

When is surgery used to treat scheuermanns disease

A

Curve 65*+
Intractable pain
Neuro issues

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12
Q

Does anterior rotation of the pelvis cause a kyphosis or lordosis

A

Lordosis

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13
Q

Weakness in which muscles are associated with lordosis

A

Trunk muscles
Hip flexors
Abdominal

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14
Q

Which spinal curvature can develop in pregnancy and obesity

A

Lordosis

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15
Q

How can lordosis cause back pain

A

Impinge spinal nerves

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16
Q

Shortening and tightness in which muscles is associated with lordosis

A

psoas
Thoracolumbar fascia
Erector spinae
Hamstrings
Gluteals

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17
Q

Why may people with lordosis have bent knees and angled femurs

A

Move body weight backwards

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18
Q

Flat back syndrome

A

vertebral column pulled flat due to tilted pelvis

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19
Q

Muscle and postural affects of flat back syndrome

A

Tight intercostal muscles
Tight hamstrings
Weak hip flexors
Knees flexed
Hips flexed
Head foreward

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20
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine usually with rotation of vertebrae

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21
Q

Which hormones may be involved in scoliosis

A

Oestrogen
Relaxin

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22
Q

Does scoliosis cause an apparent or true leg length discrepancy

A

Apparent due to tilted pelvis

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23
Q

Scoliosis treatment

A

Brace 20-40*
Vertebral fusion 50+
Harrington rods 50+

24
Q

What degree of curvature is treated surgically in scoliosis

A

50*+

25
Q

Spinal changes with age

A

Osteophytes and syndesmophytes
Loss of disc height
Loss or incr curves
Spinal stenosis
Ossification of vertebral ligaments

26
Q

Syndesmophytes

A

bony outgrowths from the spinal ligaments as they attach to adjacent vertebral bodies

27
Q

What type of joint is an IVD

A

Cartilaginous/ symphysis

28
Q

2 parts of IVD

A

nucleus polposus
Annulus fibrosus

29
Q

What causes decrease in IVD height after 30yrs

A

Nucleus polposus dries out

30
Q

2 Most common locations of herniated or prolapsed IVDs

A

L4/L5
L5/S1

31
Q

Where is pain felt as a result of a herniated IVD

A

Along distribution of nerve route compressed by nucleus polposus

32
Q

Cauda equine syndrome

A

Serious neurological condition caused by compression of the nerve roots forming the cauda equina usually due to IVD herniation

33
Q

Cauda equine syndrome symtoms

A

Lower back pain
Unilateral or bilateral sciatica
Saddle and perineal hypothesis or anaesthesia
Bowel/bladder disturbance
Lower extremity motor weakness and sensory defecits
Decr/absent lower extremity reflexes

34
Q

Saddle anaesthesia

A

loss of sensation in the buttocks, perineum and inner surfaces of the thighs

35
Q

Cauda equina treatment

A

Discetomy
Laminectomy

36
Q

Burst fracture

A

Vertebrae breaks in multiple directions and shards may penetrate surrounding tissues

37
Q

Where can blood collect and haematomas form due to vertebrae fractures

A

Into nucleus polposus

38
Q

How can Osteophytes affect the vertebral arteries

A

Block or compress the vertebral foramen causing compression or bending of the vertebral arteries

39
Q

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

A

Ossification of anterior longitudinal ligament and tissues around spine

40
Q

Does diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis cause Osteophytes

A

Yes but not always

41
Q

How does diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis effect IVD height

A

No effect

42
Q

How does diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis effect the sacroiliac joint

A

No effect

43
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Chronic progressive inflammatory disorder mainly effecting the joints of the spine and axial skeleton

44
Q

What age group does Ankylosing spondylitis effect and is it more common in males or females

A

19-25yrs
Male

45
Q

Effects of alkylosing spondylitis

A

Bamboo spine
Narrowing and stenosis of sacroiliac joints
Sclerosis and ankylosis of vertebral bodies

46
Q

Does ankylosing spondylosis effect disc height

A

No

47
Q

Bamboo spine

A

complete fusion of the bones of the spine, turning the spinal column into one long bone, resembling a bamboo stalk
Caused by ankylosing spondylitis

48
Q

Which antigen is linked to Ankylosing spondylitis

A

HLA B27

49
Q

How does HLA B27 effect the gut

A

Influences gut flora favouring pathogenic bacteria
Predisposes to leaky gut -> inflammatory reactions

50
Q

Why does antibiotic therapy prevent spondylitis and colitis

A

Combats pathogenic Git flora favoured by HLA B27

51
Q

Which joints in the vertebral column are synovial

A

Zygapophysial joints
C1/C2 pivot joint

52
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation of a joint

53
Q

Which part of the spine is most commonly effected by RA

A

Cervical spine

54
Q

How does RA affect spine

A

Subluxations
Compression of vertebral arteries
Pannus invades IVD

55
Q

Which joint most commonly undergoes subluxation in RA

A

Atlantoaxial joint

LOCO2 (26 decks)

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