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Bio 212 Exam 3 > Lecture 1 Upper Limbs > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Upper Limbs Flashcards

0
Q

The pectoral girdle consists of the ____ & _____

A

Scapula and clavicle

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1
Q

The upper limb bones are attached to the axial skeleton by the ______

A

Pectoral Girdle

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2
Q

Pectoral girdle has _____ but lacks _____

A

Flexibility; lacks stabiity

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3
Q

For the clavicle, describe the superior surface, the sternal end, and the acromial end.

A

Superior surface=smooth
Sternal end=blocky
Acromial end=hooks forward

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4
Q

Is the medial clavicle anterior or posterior? Lateral clavicle?

A

Medial=anterior

Lateral=posterior

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5
Q

The clavicle is most varied in ___ compared to the other long bones

A

Shape

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6
Q

Manual workers have a more _______ clavicle because ___

A

More blocky and curved because more muscle is pulling on it

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7
Q

The right clavicle is usually more ____&_____ than the left

A

Short and thick

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8
Q

Which bone is most likely to break in children?

A

Clavicle

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9
Q

Clavicular growth ends at what age?

A

25-31years

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10
Q

He clavicle first ossifies through ___________, then the ends ossify through ________

A

Intramembranous; endochondral

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11
Q

The glenoid cavity contains _____ cartilage which is what connects the scapula to the _______

A

Articular/hyaline cartilage; humerus

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12
Q

What is the joint name for where the clavicle meets the sternum?

A

Sternoclavicular Joint

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13
Q

The pectoral girdle only has _____ attachment to the axial skeleton.

A

Anterior

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14
Q

The sternoclavicular joint is what TYPE of joint?

A

Synovial-Gliding joint

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15
Q

What are the types of movement of the pectoral girdle?

A

Protraction/retraction, elevation/depression

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16
Q

Muscles that act on the girdle originate on________, and insert on ______.

A

Orig=axial skeleton

Inserts=girdle

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17
Q

_______ moves both bones of the pectoral girdle

A

Trapezius

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18
Q

What is the action of the Levator Scapulae?

A

elevates the scapula

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19
Q

What is the insert and origin of the Rhomboid Minor?

A

Inserts @ base of the spine, origin @ vertebrae

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20
Q

Insert and action of the Rhomboid Major?

A

Inserts below the spine, causes rotation

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21
Q

The Serratus Anterior inserts where? Causes what action?

A

Inserts at vertebral border, causes protraction

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22
Q

_____ _______ ______ act on the pectoral girdle

A

Deep Anterior Muscles

23
Q

The clavicle and the scapula connect at the _____ joint

A

acromioclavicular joint

24
Q

What ligaments stabilize the clavicle?

A

Corococlavicular Ligaments

25
Q

Which ligament gives superior support of the pectoral girdle, forming a “shelf”?

A

Corocoacromial Ligament

26
Q

Shoulder separation is usually due to ____

A

downward force over the acromion

27
Q

Shoulder Separation can result in a torn ____

A

Acromioclavicular Ligament (A.C.L.)

28
Q

A SEVERE shoulder separation can result in a torn _____ and a torn ______

A

Acromioclavicular Ligament and Corococlavicular Ligament

29
Q

In an X-Ray of acromioclavicular separation, the clavicle ______

A

“springs” up

30
Q

What type of cartilage is found on the head of the proximal humerus?

A

Articular Cartilage

31
Q

On a humerus, the first depression after the head

A

Anatomical Neck

32
Q

The most commonly broken place on the humerus

A

The surgical neck (it’s thinner)

33
Q

Which direction do the tubercles of the humerus point?

A

Anterior

34
Q

The upper limbs are held to the girdle at the _______ Joint. This joint consists of the ____ & ____

A

Glenohumeral Joint; Glenoid Fossa (on scapula) and head of humerus

35
Q

The loose _______ and the shallow ______ allows for flexibility in movement, but increases risk of dislocation.

A

articular capsule; glenoid cavity

36
Q

The glenohumeral joint has a fibrocartilage meniscus called the ______

A

glenoid labrum

37
Q

The rotator cuff (aka ______), consists of what 4 muscles?

A

Glenohumeral Reinforcement; “SITS” -> Suprapinatus, Infrapinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

38
Q

Extra reinforcement comes from the _____. The tendon runs _____.

A

Biceps Brachii; Intracapsular

39
Q

What are the structural and functional types of joints that describe the Glenohumeral Joint?

A

Structural- synovial;ball & socket

Functional- diarthrosis; triaxial

40
Q

What are 4 reasons that the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) would dislocate?

A
  1. Shallow glenoid cavity
  2. Large, rounded humeral head
  3. Loose articular capsule
  4. Great flexibility, but lacks stability
41
Q

The most common type of glenohumeral dislocation?

A

Inferior-direction Dislocation

42
Q

On the distal humerus, the medial epicondyle is directed ____

A

Medially

43
Q

The 2 parts of the distal humerus (on each side of the medial epicondyle), are the ______ which articulates with the ______, and the _____ which articulates with the ______.

A

Capitulum articulates with the radius; Trochlea articulates with the ulna

44
Q

What is the structural joint of the radioulnar?

A

Synovial Pivot

45
Q

What is the structural joint of the humeral?

A

Synovial Hinge (btwn humerus and forearm)

46
Q

What is the functional joint of the radioulnar?

A

Uniaxial

47
Q

Functional joint of the Humeral?

A

Uniaxial (hinge)

48
Q

The head of the radius pivots in the ____

A

radial notch

49
Q

Pulling on the forearm can cause ______

A

Radial Head Dislocation

50
Q

In radial head dislocation, the radial head slips out of the ___________

A

annular ligament

51
Q

In radial head dislocation, the radial head slides away from the _____ of the ulna and the ____ of the humerus.

A

radial notch of the ulna and capitulum of the humerus

52
Q

The scaphoid carpal bones articulate with the ___

A

radius

53
Q

The Lunate carpal bones articulate with the ___

A

ulna

54
Q

The carpal bones consist of 2 ____ joints and all others are ____ joints.

A

synovial; gliding

Bio 212 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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