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Gen Med > Vector-borne & Systemic Diseases > Flashcards

Vector-borne & Systemic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic Disease

A

Condition or disorder that affects the whole body or involves many organs

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2
Q

Rheumatic Disease

A

Autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that attack the joints, muscles, bones, and organs

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3
Q

Lupus

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder (exacerbation or remission disorder)

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4
Q

Lupus S&S

A

Musculoskeletal:
- muscle aches/pains, arthritis, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, fibromyalgia
Skin:
- red rash, hair loss, red scaly patches, oral ulcers
CNS:
- seizures, psychosis, dec cognitive function, stroke, coma
Cardiac:
- Atherosclerosis

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5
Q

Lupus Treatment

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • NSAIDs
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6
Q

Lupus Athletic Presentation

A

Butterfly rash + unexplained joint pain

RTP case-by-case basis

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7
Q

Raynaud’s

A

A vascular disorder that causes the blood vessels of the body to constrict in reaction to stimuli (most often in fingers, toes, nose, and ear)
- Raynaud’s disease (primary disease)
- Raynaud’s phenomenon (secondary to other disease or medication)

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8
Q

Raynaud’s S&S

A
  • Pallor
  • cyanosis
  • erythema
  • sequella of other conditions (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, hypertension)
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9
Q

Raynaud’s Treatment

A

refer to rheumatologist & avoid triggers

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10
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A
  • Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (herpesvirus)
  • spread through oropharyngeal saliva
  • 10-50 day incubation period
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11
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis S&S

A
  • fatigue
  • pharyngitis
  • anorexia
  • fever
  • lymphadenopathy
  • malaise
  • tonsillitis
  • splenomegaly
  • maculopapular rash (flat, red area of skin covered by elevated bumps)
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12
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis Treatment

A
  • rest
  • hydration
  • OTC acetaminophen
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13
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis RTP

A
  • removed from activity
  • may resue activity in 3 weeks if:
    1. symptoms have fully resolved
    2. spleen not markedly enlarged or tender
    3. afebrile
    4. liver functioning normally
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14
Q

Lymphatic system

A

convey lymph from organs to the CV system (assist with immune system function)

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15
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease affecting joints (i.e. joint pain/swelling and bone & cartilage damage)
- juvenile rheumatoid arthritis occurs below the age of 16

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16
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis S&S

A
  • tender and swollen joints
  • deformation of joints
  • joint stiffness
  • fatigue
  • fever
  • loss of appetite
  • weight loss
  • weakness
  • skin rash
  • nerve pain
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17
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

A

refer to rheumatologist is persistent pain and swelling in joints

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18
Q

Gout

A

Form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the crystallization of uric acid in the joints

Predisposing factors:
- obesity
- diabetes
- hypertension
- kidney disease
- alcohol abuse
- diuretics
- diet high in animal protein

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19
Q

Gout S&S

A
  • joint pain
  • redness
  • stiffness
  • swelling
  • severe tenderness
  • heat

S&S can be relapsing or remitting

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20
Q

Gout Treatment

A
  • refer to rheumatologist
  • NSAIDs and Rx meds
  • activity modification
  • diet modification
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21
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Chronic, non-inflammatory disease
- fibrous tissue muscle pain

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22
Q

Fibromyalgia S&S

A
  • severe and diffuse pain
  • pain worst in neck, LB, and jaw
  • fatigue
  • sleep disturbances
  • reproductive and urinary changes
  • skin abnormalities
  • vision changes or problems
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23
Q

Fibromyalgia Treatment

A

refer to rheumatologist

24
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

A

Severe or disabling fatigue for more than 6 months (systemic exertional intolerance disease (SEID))

25
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome S&S

A

fatigue for over 6 months
- substantially impaired concentration and short-term memory
- muscle pain
- headache
- tender/swollen lymph nodes
- poor sleep quality
- post-exertional malaise

26
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Treatment

A

Refer to general physician

27
Q

Sojgren’s Syndrome

A

Autoimmune disorder that attacks the salivary and lachrymal glands

28
Q

Sojgren’s Syndrome S&S

A
  • dry eyes & mouth
  • joint pain, swelling, & stiffness
  • swollen salivary glands
  • skin dryness & rashes
  • vaginal dryness
  • persistent dry cough
  • persistent fatigue
29
Q

The Thyroid

A

“master gland”
- located on the trachea
- works in conjunction with pituitary gland
- released thyroxine (T3) & triiodothyronine (T4)
- controls: metabolism, growth, breathing and HR, menstrual cycle, thermoregulation, cholesterol levels

30
Q

HypERthyroidism

A
  • Excessive production of thyroid hormones (aka Graves’ disease)
  • autoimmune disorder
31
Q

HypERthyroidism S&S

A
  • enlarged thyroid
  • bulging eyes
  • inc HR
  • heart palpitations
  • depression, anxiety, or panic attacks
  • shakiness
  • weight loss
  • GI issues
  • inc sweating
  • brisk reflexes
32
Q

HypERthyroidism Treatment

A
  • refer to endocrinologist
  • may require meds &/or surgery
33
Q

HypOthyroidism

A

decreased production of thyroid hormones (less common than hyperthyroidism)

34
Q

HypOthyroidism S&S

A
  • weakness
  • fatigue
  • dry rough skin
  • cold intolerence
  • weight gain
  • tongue thickening
  • hair loss or changes
  • depression
  • voice changes
  • memory imparments
35
Q

HypOthyroidism Treatment

A
  • refer to endocrinologist
  • hormone replacement therapy
36
Q

Hypercortisolism

A

form and adrenal disorder
- adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol

37
Q

Hypercortisolism S&S

A
  • fatigue
  • muscle weakness
  • weight loss
  • low mood
  • loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss
  • inc thirst
  • bronze colored skin
    craving salt
38
Q

Hypercortisolism Treatment

A
  • refer to endocrinologist
  • hormone replacement therapy
39
Q

Addison’s Crisis

A

life-threatening condition where body has extremely low levels of cortisol

40
Q

Addison’s Crisis S&S

A
  • severe weakness
  • confusion
  • pain in back and lower legs
  • abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea
  • altered consciousness
  • low BP
41
Q

Addison’s Crisis Treatment

A

inject with hydrocortisone

42
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas (40% due to gall stones blocking bile duct / 35% due to alcohol abuse)

may be life-threatening (necrotizing pancreatitis + internal bleeding)

43
Q

Pancreatitis S&S

A
  • epigastric discomfort
  • nausea
  • weight loss
  • vomiting
  • low to absent bowel sounds
  • abdominal rigidity, distension, guarding
  • fever
  • confusion
  • jaundice
  • tachycardia
44
Q

Pancreatitis Treatment

A
  • refer to general medicine physician
  • emergency referral if: pain is more than 20 consecutive minutes
45
Q

Vector-borne disease

A

disease in which an organism (typically an insect) carry a pathogen from one host to another

46
Q

Zoonotic Disease

A

disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans by contact with the animals

47
Q

Lyme disease

A

bacterial infection (borrelia burgdorferi)
- caused by deer tick or western black-legged tick)

48
Q

Lyme disease S&S

A

Localized lyme disease (70-80%)
- erythema migrans
- headache, muscle/joint ache, fever, fatigue, stiff neck
Disseminated lyme disease
- facial nerve palsies, meningitis, cardiac chest pain, palpitations, SOB, fatigue
Late lyme disease
- musculoskeletal and CNS involvement (joint swelling & cognitive decline)

49
Q

Lyme disease Treatment

A

Care:
- promptly remove tick (36 hours)

refer:
- early oral antibiotics
- chronic lyme disease (treat symptoms

50
Q

Lyme disease RTP

A

when symptoms have cleared (not contagious to other athletes)

51
Q

Zika Virus

A

spread by mosquitos

52
Q

Zika Virus S&S

A
  • maculopapular rash
  • fever
  • conjunctivitis
  • joint and muscle pain
  • headache
53
Q

Zika Virus Treatment

A

refer to primary physician

54
Q

West nile virus

A

spread my mosquitos

55
Q

West nile virus S&S

A
  • headache
  • fever
  • muscle and neck pain/tightness
  • altered mental status
  • swollen lymph nodes
56
Q

West nile virus Treatment

A

refer to primary physician

Gen Med (15 decks)

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