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Anatomy And Phys 1 > Exm 4 (ch 14) > Flashcards

Exm 4 (ch 14) Flashcards

1
Q

The development of the nervous system begins with a ___________, called the __________

A

Thickening of the ectoderm. Neural tube

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2
Q

Mature brain has :

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, pons, & medulla oblangata

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3
Q

Meninges of brain from superficial to deep

A

Dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia matter

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4
Q

Outer layer of the dura mater is the ________ and is fused with the endosteum of the skull

A

periosteal layer

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5
Q

Inner _______ is a space
for blood vessels and venous sinuses

A

meningeal layer

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6
Q

has a subarachnoid space between it and pia mater filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
produced from ventricles of
the brain

A

Arachnoid mater

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7
Q

lies directly on the
surface of the brain

A

Pia mater

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8
Q

Blood flows to the brain via what

A

the vertebral and carotid arteries

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9
Q

Blood flows back to the heart via what

A

the jugular veins

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10
Q

The brain utilizes about _____% of the body’s oxygen supply

A

20

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11
Q

easily cross lipid bilayer along with LOTS of glucose via facilitated diffusion

A

Lipid-soluble substances (O2, CO2, steroid hormones, alcohol, barbiturates, nicotine, and caffeine)

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12
Q

_____ junctions here between endothelial cells in BBB

A

Tight

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13
Q

______ surround blood vessels and capillaries to form a physical barrier secreting substances that affect the permeability of vessels – make cells tighter here

A

Astrocytes

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14
Q

_____: in the wall surrounding the third ventricle, monitor concentrations and conditions in the blood so they are less separated and more capable of responding to changes in
homeostasis.
Ex: hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland 

A

Some brain structures lack a BBB

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15
Q

The brain MUST use strictly _____ as it’s energy source!

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Cellular respiration formula

A

Glucose + O2 -> CO2 + water + energy

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17
Q

The brain is sensitive to all three but the adult brain is (less/more) (weak/sensitive) to CO2 buildup and H+ than it is to a drop in O2

A

More sensitive

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18
Q

is a liquid that protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries and it carries oxygen, glucose, and other important substances from the blood to nervous tissue cells

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)

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19
Q

Flows through the subarachnoid space and surrounds the entire CNS and provides cushion and circulatory function (analogous to blood vessels elsewhere in the body), and chemical
protection to help allow action potentials

A

Csf

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20
Q

What kind of cells produce cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cells

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21
Q

____ of ventricles are small capillaries in each of the 4 ventricles that produce the CSF

A

Choroid plexus

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22
Q

Four openings; one for the central canal and the rest for subarachnoid space

A

The third one in particular is for the central canal

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23
Q

The Dura matter is composed of two layers

A

On top it’s periosteal layer, on bottom it’s meningeal layef

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24
Q

The brain stem is composed of the:

A

Medulla oblangata, pons, midbrain

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25
Q

decussate definition. And what contains it

A

Large motor tracks here are pyramids. Medulla oblangata

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26
Q

swellings on either side of the medulla where connects cerebellum through the
inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

Olives

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27
Q

Function of medulla oblongata

A

Involuntary heart rate, respiratory rate, blood flow(vasoconstriction), vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping

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28
Q

What extends from the foramen magnum to the pons

A

Medulla oblongata 

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29
Q

Located superior to the medulla oblongata, and it links part of the brain with one another by way of tracts 

A

Pons

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30
Q

Connected to the cerebellum through middle
cerebellar peduncles

A

Pons

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31
Q

Function of pons

A

Pneumotaxic and apneustic areas (control of respiration chemically) . Pontine nuclei relay nerve impulses from motor areas of cerebral cortex to cerebellum.

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32
Q

What is located superior to the pons and extends from the pons to the diencephalon

A

Midbrain

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33
Q

connect
the midbrain to the cerebellum

A

Superior cerebellar perduncles

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34
Q

Corpora quadrigemina (mounds of tectum)

A

Superior colliculi and inferior colliculi

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35
Q

Reflexive movements of the eye

A

Superior colliculi

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36
Q

Reflexive movement of the head and trunk due to auditory - startle reflex

A

Inferior colliculi

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37
Q

Part in the midbrain. What deteriorates in Parkinson’s disease 

A

Substantia nigra

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38
Q

• In grey matter of spinal cord, medulla, pons, and midbrain
• The reticular formation helps regulate muscle tone, alerts the cortex to incoming sensory signals, and is responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep

A

Reticular formation

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39
Q

The ____ occupies the interior and posterior aspects of the cranial cavity, and consist of two hemispheres, and a central vermis

A

Cerebellum (looks like tree)

40
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Skeletal muscle contractions, and in the maintenance of normal muscle tone, posture, and balance 

41
Q

The group between the cerebrum and cerebellum

A

Transverse fissure

42
Q

Transverse fissure with extension of Dura mater

A

Tentorium cerebelli

43
Q

Dura Mater extension between two hemispheres (saggittal)

A

Falx cerebelli (the central vermis)

44
Q

Internal white matter (axons) looks like a tree in the cerebellum

A

Arbor vitae

45
Q

Horizontal ridges of gray matter (cell bodies) in the cerebellum are

A

Folia cerebelli

46
Q

disturbance of balance caused by trauma or drugs/alcohol

A

Ataxia

47
Q

Located between the midbrain and
the cerebrum, has the third ventricle

A

Diencephalon

48
Q

The diencephalon is composed of the:

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

49
Q

Relay station for sensory(except smell) and motor impulses. Ex: touch perception, pain perception,
temperature and memory.

A

Thalamus

50
Q

Is apart of the lambic system (emotion and memory)

A

Thalamus

51
Q

Controls the autonomic nervous system to maintain homeostasis.
• Eating, drinking, thirst,
satiety, circadian rhythms,
hormone production, body
temperature

A

Hypothalamus

52
Q

Is apart of the lambic system (rage,
aggression, pain, pleasure, sexual arousal)

A

Hypothalamus

53
Q

Located above the third ventricle
and houses the pineal gland and
posterior commissure

A

Epithalamus

54
Q

secretes melatonin

A

Pineal gland

55
Q

connects the cerebrum and the midbrain

A

Posterior commissure

56
Q

Emotional response to odors

A

Habenular nuclei

57
Q

What structures lack a blood brain barrier

A

Hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland 

58
Q

Where conscious thought and intellect come from 

A

Cerebrum

59
Q

What is the cerebral cortex? 

A

The outer portion of the cerebrum 

60
Q

The cerebral cortex is composed of what matter which contains billions of cell bodies .

A

Grey

61
Q

(Cerebrum) Deep areas of gray surrounded by white matter are called

A

Basal nuclei or cerebral nuclei

62
Q

Gyri

A

Ridges (the mountains)

63
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves

64
Q

What separates the brain in the middle

A

Longitudinal fissure

65
Q

extensions of dura mater down into the longitudinal fissure

A

Falx cerebri

66
Q

Deep to the cortex is what matter composed of axons of
neurons that connect parts of the brain to each other and
the spinal cord

A

White

67
Q

A bundle of white matter tracts called the what connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

corpus callosum

68
Q

The frontal lobe of the brain is separated by the

A

Central sulcus

69
Q

The most posterior part of the frontal lobe is the

A

Precentral gyrus

70
Q

The most anterior part of the parietal lobe is the

A

Postcentral gyrus

71
Q

Temporal lobe is separated by the ______
• Contains gray matter called insula or island of Reil

A

lateral fissure

72
Q

( Lobes) planning, problem solving, language, motor cortex

A

Frontal lobe

73
Q

(Lobe) somatosensory cortex

A

Parietal lobe

74
Q

(Lobe) hearing, smell,
memory, emotion, some language
aspects

A

Temporal lobe

75
Q

(Lobe) primary visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe

76
Q

(Lobe) lots of effects. Deep to temporal, frontal, parietal

A

Insula

77
Q

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are in what brain hemisphere

A

Left

78
Q

Axons in the cns are called

A

Tracts

79
Q

Axons in the pns are called

A

Nerves

80
Q

connect gyri in the same hemisphere

A

Association fibers

81
Q

connect gyri in opposite hemispheres (corpus callosum is the largest)

A

Commissural fibers

82
Q

Ascending and descending fibers are

A

Projection fibers

83
Q

The ____ are paired masses of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere that coordinate movement

A

basal nuclei

84
Q

_____ helps initiate and terminate movements, suppresses unwanted movements, and regulates muscle tone.

A

Corpus striatum

85
Q

What are the primary organs involved in the limbic system?

A

Hippocampus and amygdala

86
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory

87
Q

Amygdala

A

Aggression and fear

88
Q

Sensory areas – primary sensory area is in the

A

Postcentral gyrus

89
Q

postcentral gyrus in insula control

A

Taste

90
Q

evaluate and interpret sensory information (surrounds the sensory)

A

Association areas

91
Q

speech production, above the lateral fissure

A

Broca’s area

92
Q

difficulty producing speech but can understand and comprehend language

A

Brocas aphasia

93
Q

language comprehension and the ability to put language together in a way that makes sense

A

Wernickes area

94
Q

have the ability to produce speech fluently but language is incomprehensible to others

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

95
Q

deal with more complex integrative functions such as memory, personality traits, and intelligence

A

Association area

96
Q

promotes range of emotions, including pleasure, pain, docility, affection, fear, and anger.

A

Limbic system

Anatomy And Phys 1 (39 decks)

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