Topic 3- Organisation and the Digestive System

Question 1

What is a group of specialised cells doing a collective function called?

Answer 1

A tissue of cells.

Question 2

Organs are _________ of _______. What two words finish this sentence?

Answer 2

Groups, tissues.

Question 3

The stomach contains three tissues: _________ tissue, churning food and digestive juices; _________ tissue, producing digestive enzymes to break down food and __________ tissue, covering the inside and outside of the stomach. What are the three tissue types? (In order)

Answer 3

Muscular, glandular, epithelial. In that order.

Question 4

An organism is made up of many ______ ______ which are made up of different organs carrying out the same function. For example the ________ system. What 3 words finish the sentence?

Answer 4

Organ systems, Digestive (or any other relevant organ system name)

Question 5

The food you eat is made up of ______, _______ chunks which need to be _______ down to have their nutrients and energy used by the body. What three words complete this sentence?

Answer 5

Large, insoluble, broken.

Question 6

Digestive _________ are produced in glands like the ________ gland or the ________ which break down food. What three words complete the sentence?

Answer 6

Enzymes, Salivary, Pancreas.

Question 7

Enzymes break large, _______ molecules into small and ________ ones, mainly in the small intestine and ________. The _____ _______ is where most of the nutrients are absorbed into the ______ ________. Complete the sentence with correct wording.

Answer 7

Insoluble, Soluble, Stomach, Small Intestine, Blood Stream.

Question 8

The liver is another organ associated with digestion, it produces bile, which aids digestion in two ways, Name and describe these two ways.

Answer 8

1) Bile emulsifies lipids for enzymes to be able to break them down more easily.
2) Bile creates an optimal pH for the function of lipase enzymes allowing them to work at a faster rate.

Question 9

Carbohydrates like Glucose that contain only one sugar are called?

Answer 9

Simple Sugars.

Question 10

List the chemical formula for Glucose.

Answer 10

C6H12O6

Question 11

Complex carbohydrates like starch are made up of _____ _______ of sugars bonded together. Finish the sentence with two words.

Answer 11

Long chains.

Question 12

Lipids are _____ in solid form and ____ in liquid form. They are the most efficient store of energy in our body. They are important stored of energy and help build organelles like ____ _______. Finish the sentence with appropriate wording.

Answer 12

Fats, Oils, Cell Membranes.

Question 13

Proteins are the building blocks of cells in the body and are created by _________. They also make up _______. Finish the sentence with two words.

Answer 13

Ribosomes, enzymes.

Question 14

Proteins are made from long chains of _____ _____. There are different types of these, each with different types of bonds between them. Complete the sentences with appropriate wording.

Answer 14

Amino acids.

Question 15

The bonds that hold amino acids together are very sensitive to changes in ____________ and __ and thus ________ easily. Finish the sentence with the correct terms.

Answer 15

Temperature, pH, denature.

Question 16

Proteins are vital to the body and form structural components like muscle tissue and form enzymes. Give two other components that proteins make up.

Answer 16

Hormones and Antibodies.

Question 17

What do biological catalysts do?

Answer 17

Speed up biological reactions.

Question 18

The folds of amino acid chains in enzymes result in a specific ______ ______ that can fit with a specific _______ molecule. Finish the sentence with appropriate terminology.

Answer 18

Active site, Substrate.

Question 19

Give the name of the method that enzymes use to bind with and break down the substrate.

Answer 19

Lock and Key method. The active site binds with the substrate in a specific way like a lock and a key, which cannot be replicated.

Question 20

What bodily function do enzymes control?

Answer 20

The metabolism.

Question 21

Give two examples of how enzymes catalyse reactions.

Answer 21

Any two from: Building large molecules from small ones, e.g. building starch from glucose; Changing one molecule to another like changing glucose into fructose; Breaking down molecules into smaller ones, like making proteins into amino acids to be used by the body.

Question 22

Enzyme reactions take place at low temperatures but the higher the temperature the _______ the rate of reaction until the enzyme becomes ________ due to the temperature becoming too high. Finish the sentence with correct wording.

Answer 22

Faster, denatured.

Question 23

An enzyme is said to be denatured when?

Answer 23

When the active site is no longer able to bind with the substrate as it has been deformed, making it unable to carry out normal reactions.

Question 24

What temperature range is said to be between?

Answer 24

35 and 40 degrees Celsius.

Question 25

A change in pH from its optimum can affect what about an enzyme?

Answer 25

The forces that keep amino acids bonded to each other.

Question 26

What is the name given to enzymes that digest carbohydrates?

Answer 26

Carbohydrases.

Question 27

Which carbohydrase breaks down starch?

Answer 27

Amylase.

Question 28

In what two areas are amylase enzymes produced?

Answer 28

The pancreas and salivary gland.

Question 29

What is the name given to enzymes that break down proteins?

Answer 29

Proteases.

Question 30

What does pepsin break protein down into?

Answer 30

Amino acids.

Question 31

Where are proteases produced? Give all three locations.

Answer 31

The stomach, the small intestine and the pancreas.

Question 32

What is the name given to enzymes that break down lipids?

Answer 32

Lipases.

Question 33

What do lipids break down into when broken down by enzymes?

Answer 33

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 34

Once broken down by enzyme reactions, where are fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids and glucose absorbed into the blood stream?

Answer 34

The ileum in the small intestine.

Question 35

How does the emulsification of lipids from bile help break down lipids?

Answer 35

The smaller droplets created by the emulsification lead to a larger surface area for lipase enzymes to act upon and break down these molecules faster.

Question 36

What food test can be used to test for sugars?

Answer 36

Using Benedict’s solution, you turn the substance brick red if sugar is present.

Question 37

What food test can be used to test for starch?

Answer 37

Using iodine solution where the food becomes blue/black if starch is present.

Question 38

What food test can be used to test for protein or in other words amino acids?

Answer 38

Using biuret solution, this turns the food lilac or purple.

Question 39

What food test can be used to test for lipids?

Answer 39

Using ethanol this turns the food cloudy white.