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AQA Biology Triple Science - All Topics 🧫🔬🧬 > Useful info paper 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Useful info paper 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the resolution of a device?

A

The smallest change that he device can measure.

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1
Q

How does Urea diffuse in the body?

A

It diffuses from cells into the blood for excretion in the kidney.

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2
Q

Apart from the large surface area, short diffusion distance and the good blood supply, what other adaptation does the lungs have?

A

Moist membranes

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3
Q

Is mitosis sexual or asexual reproduction?

A

asexual

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4
Q

Apart from ethical issues, what other issues are there with using embryonic stem cells?

A

There is a risk of transferring viral diseases to the patient.

The treatment is newer, so the possibility of using them is uncertain.

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5
Q

What two advantages are there with using embryonic stem cells?

A

They can differentiate into any type of cell.

They are easier to obtain.

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6
Q

Give an example of a disadvantage witn using plant meristems in cloning.

A

There is no genetic variation, so if an infection occurs, all clones will likely die.

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7
Q

What enzymes does the pancreas make?

A

Amylase, lipase, protease

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8
Q

What is the heart made from?

A

Cardiac muscle supplied with oxygen by the coronary artery.

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9
Q

How is heart rate controlled in the heart?

A

A group of cells in the right atrium generate electrical impulses.

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10
Q

What kind of diseases are salmonella and gonorrhoea?

A

Bacterial

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11
Q

What kind of disease are measles, HIV and TMV?

A

viruses

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12
Q

What example of a fungi is used?

A

Rose Black Spot

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13
Q

What example of protist diseases do we use?

A

Malaria

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14
Q

How do you treat Rose Black Spot?

A

Fungicides
Removing affected leaves

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15
Q

How do you treat malaria?

A

Prevent mosquitoes from breeding
Mosquito nets
Anti-malarial medicine

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16
Q

What are the three steps of phagocytosis?

A

Alerted to area of infection

Surrounds and engulfs pathogens

Enzymes digest and destroy pathogen

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17
Q

What two ways do lymphocytes fight pathogens?

A

Making antitoxins - neutralising the toxins
Making antibodies - help destroy specific pathogens

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18
Q

What is the most common antibiotic misconception?

A

Bacteria become resistant and not immune to antibiotic and they evolve to do so.

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19
Q

Where does digitalis come from?

A

Foxglove

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20
Q

What is digitalis used for?

A

Heart arrhythmia

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21
Q

What is aspirin used for?

A

A painkiller

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22
Q

Where does aspirin come from?

A

willow trees

23
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming

24
Q

What happens in preclinical trials?

A

Drugs are tested on cells, tissues and live animals.

25
Q

What happens in clinical trials?

A

Healthy volunteers receive low doses to test efficacy

Larger numbers are tested on to find optimum dose

26
Q

What is a double-blind trial?

A

Where neither the patients nor doctors know whether the real drug or placebo has been used

27
Q

To create monoclonal antibodies, which organism is injected?

A

A mouse

28
Q

What is the name of lymphocytes and tumour cells that are fused together?

A

Hybridoma

29
Q

What aspetic techniques are used before culturing?

A

Sterilise culture media and agar
Wipe the table with disinfectant
Pass inoculating loop through a bunsen flame.

30
Q

Why do we lift the lid as little as possible in the aseptic techniques practical?

A

To reduce aerobic microorganisms from the air.

31
Q

What is CHD caused by?

A

When fatty material builds up within the coronary arteries.

32
Q

What happens when coronary arteries are blocked?

A

Blood flow is reduced, resulting in less oxygen for the cardiac muscle, leading to heart attacks.

33
Q

What happens when type 2 diabetes occurs?

A

The body cannot control production of insulin so blood glucose levels cannot be controlled.

34
Q

What are the three main results of drinking alcohol?

A

Impaired liver function
Impaired brain function
Foetal alcohol syndrome

35
Q

What is liver cirrhosis?

A

The liver cannot remove toxins as cells are damaged.

36
Q

What problems would alcohol have for babies?

A

There could be miscarriages, premature births and birth defects

37
Q

What problems do smoking have?

A

Causes lung disease and cancers
Affect development of unborn babies

38
Q

What do carinogens cause?

A

cancers

39
Q

What are tumours caused by?

A

Uncontrollable cell division

40
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

Something that limits the rate of a reaction.

41
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

The variable that you change.

42
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

The variable you measure.

43
Q

What is the relationship between light intensity and distance?

A

Light intensity is proportional to 1/distance2

44
Q

What 5 uses are there for glucose produced in photosynthesis?

A

Used in aerobic respiration to release energy

Converted into starch

Production of lipids

Production of amino acids

Produce cellulose to strengthen cell walls

44
Q

What kind of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Endothermic

45
Q

What kind of reaction is respiration?

A

Exothermic

46
Q

What is the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3

47
Q

Why does lactic acid lead to oxygen debt?

A

Oxygen is needed to make lactic acid into glucose in the liver.

48
Q

What type of cell can bone marrow stem cells only specialise into?

A

Blood cells

49
Q

What happens to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm when you breathe in?

A

They contract and pull the ribcage up and out

50
Q

Which materials are dissolved in the blood plasma?

A

urea, carbon dioxide, hormones, amino acids

51
Q

What is the result of a lack of nitrates?

A

Protein synthesis can’t occur and growth is stunted.

52
Q

What is chlorosis?

A

Where there is a magnesium deficiency, causing leaves to discolour and causing stunted growth due to less chlorophyll.

53
Q

What is Athlete’s Foot caused by?

A

A fungi

54
Q
A

AQA Biology Triple Science - All Topics 🧫🔬🧬 (32 decks)

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