1.3.3

Question 1

Characteristics of a Network

Answer 1

Two or more computers connected together than can transmit data

Question 2

Protocols

Answer 2

Set of rules defining how two devices communicate with eachother

Question 3

TCP/IP Stack

Answer 3

Transmission Control Protocol
Internet Protocol

A stack of networking protocols that work together passing packets during communication

Question 4

Application Layer

Answer 4

Specifies what protocol needs to be used

Question 5

Transport Layer

Answer 5

• Uses the TCP to establish an end-to-end connection between the source and recipient computer
• Adds a port number and reassembles packets

Question 6

Network Layer

Answer 6

Adds source and destination IP addresses

Question 7

Link Layer

Answer 7

Connection between the network devices and adds the MAC address

Question 8

Local Area Network ( LAN )

Answer 8

A network connected across a short geographical area

• Fast internet
• Cheap
• Easy to set up
• Limited to a small area

Question 9

Wide Area Network ( WAN )

Answer 9

A network spread over a large geographical area that requires extra hardware

• Not limited by distance
• Large network capabilities
• Expensive
• Slower than LAN

Question 10

Domain Name System ( DNS )

Answer 10

The system given to the method of naming internet resources

Question 11

Circuit Switching

Answer 11

A method of communication where a direct link is created between 2 devices

• Quicker reconstruction of data
• Possibility of data being lost or corrupted

Question 12

Packet Switching

Answer 12

A method of communicating packets of data across a network

• Ability to try transfer packets globally
• More time consuming than Circuit switching

Question 13

Data Packets

Answer 13

Segments of data that contain various pieces of information

Question 14

Firewalls

Answer 14

Devices designed to prevent unauthorised acres to a network

Question 15

Proxy Servers

Answer 15

Act as an intermediary , collecting and sending the data on behalf of the user

Question 16

Encryption

Answer 16

A way of keeping data secure when transmitting over the internet

Question 17

Network Interface Cards ( NICs )

Answer 17

• Required to connect to a network
• Assign a unique MAC address to each device

Question 18

Switches

Answer 18

Used to direct the flow of data across the network

Question 19

Wireless Access Points ( WAP )

Answer 19

Allow devices to connect to a network wirelessly

Question 20

Routers

Answer 20

Used to connect tow or more networks together

Question 21

Gateways

Answer 21

Used when protocols aren’t the same between networks

Question 22

Client-Servrr

Answer 22

Client-server networks have terminals known as clients connected to a server

• More secure
• Expensive
• Hard to maintain

Question 23

Peer-to-Peer

Answer 23

Computers are connected to eachother so that they can share files

• Easy to maintain
• Allows users to share resources

Question 24

Topologies

Answer 24

Physical Topology - Physical layout of the network
Logical Topology - The way in which data flows around a network

Question 25

Bus Topology

Answer 25

Network topology where all devices are connected to a backbone cable A - Cheaper to set up as no additional hardware is needed D - Risky as if backbone fails, the entire network gets disconnected

Question 26

Star Topology

Answer 26

Uses a central node to direct the flow of data MAC addresses and identifies each device A - Performance is consistent even if it is being heavily used If one cable fails, only that station is affected D - Expensive due to switch and cabling

Question 27

Mesh Topology

Answer 27

Every node is connected to every other node A - As nodes increase, the reliability and speed of network becomes better D - You have to purchase devices with wireless capabilities making it more costly