13.3 Approaches to Personality Flashcards
(52 cards)
Psychodynamic / psychoanalytical theories is an example of what?
Depth psychology
with a clinical approach
Psychodynamic / psychoanalytical approach to personality proposes that the structures and functioning of personality are determined by?
Unconscious forces
What do depth psychology assume about early child development?
It is formative and more important than development in adult life. Problems in childhood may have disruptive influences in adult life.
Although heavily influenced by Freud in his Psychoanalytical / Psychodynamic approach to personality - how did writers after Freud differ from him?
They had a more positive view and emphasised a stronger self-concept (people being more in control of themselves)
What is the Object Relations Theory and Relations Theories about under Psychodynamic / Psychoanalytical approach?
The development of more mature interpersonal relationships to solve possible problematic relationship behaviour in the 1st few years of life - may impair relationships in love and work
In psychodynamic/ psychoanalytical theories what do the Relational Theories say?
The need for relatedness is a central human need which will influence personality
in efforts to interact with other people
In the work context how is psychodynamics used?
In understanding and influencing the dynamics in groups and organisations
In psychodynamics what do people do to reduce the effects of negative emotions?
Utilise defense mechanisms
By whom was the Psychodynamic / Psychoanalytical theory - as part of PERSONALITY APPROACHES - founded?
Sigmund Freud
As an APPROACH TO PERSONALITY STUDY what is the main idea of the Behaviourist / Learning theories (Watson)?
People's environment and circumstances are dominant influences in what they become and might even override basic natural or genetic potentials
In the Behaviourist / Learning theory, how does personality develop?
Because certain behaviours occur and are rewarded more often than others.
How is personality seen in terms of stability in the Bahaviourist / Learning theories?
Personality is not stable across time
Due to people continuously learning
In Behaviourist / Learning theories the later social and cognitive learning theories emphisise that people can self-regulate. Explain.
Behaviour is not a simple connection between a stimilus and a response. People can rationally, or by thinking and making choices, influence the learning process
How is Behaviourist / Learning theory utilised in the work context?
Training and motivation of people
Give other names for the Humanistic approach as part of the PERSONALITY APPROACHES.
Phenomenological
Existential
What do the Humanistic / Phenomenological / Existential approach involve?
A more optimistic and person-orientated approach with emphasis on human behaviour .
Explain the Humanistic / Phenomelogical / Existential approach.
Human personality is best understood
by people’s unique qualities
such as their freedom
and potential for personal growth
According to the Humanistic / Phenomelogical / Existential approach (as part of the Personality Approaches) how do personality develop?
Over the lifespan
as result of universal and unique experiences
and especially positive relations with other people
In the Humanistic/ Phenomelogical/ Existential approach, what is the result of individual differences?
Every person’s uniqueness
The Humanistic/ Phenomelogical / Existential approach have many applications such as?
In positive psychology psychological research assessment management approaches counseling, therapy and facilitation techniques
According to the TRAIT and TYPE THEORY in personality approaches, what is human behaviour characterised by?
Distinguishable
enduring and consistent attributes
and patterns of behaviour.
In what concepts is human behaviour described as in the TRAIT and TYPE theories?
Disposition Dimensions Traits Factors Types
By what are traits influenced in the TRAIT and TYPE theories?
- Inherited biological factors
- Interaction between people and environment
Names given to TRAITS are considered to be either:
Internal causing attributes
Hypothetical descriptive constructs
