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a-level comp sci > 1.3.3 Networks > Flashcards

1.3.3 Networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a LAN?

A

A network spread oer a small geographical area.

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2
Q

What is a WAN?

A

A network spread over a large geographical area, multiple LANs connected together.

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3
Q

What is physical topology?

A

The physical layout of wires and components which form the network

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4
Q

What is logical topology?

A

The layout which shows how data flows

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5
Q

What is the bus topology.

A

All terminals are connected to a backbone cable.

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6
Q

What are the advantages of bus topology?

A

● Relatively inexpensive to set up
● Doesn’t require any additional
hardware

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of bus topology?

A

● If backbone cable fails , the entire
network gets disconnected
● As traffic increases, performance
decreases
● All computers can see the data
transmission

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8
Q

What is star topology?

A

Devices connected to a central node, often a switch . MAC addresses used to identify devices. Switch connected to server.

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9
Q

What are the advantages of star topology?

A

● Performance is consistent even with
heavy network traffic
● If one cable fails, only that single
terminal is affected
● Transmits data faster , giving better
performance than bus topology
● Easy to add new stations.
● No data collisions

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of star topology?

A

● Expensive due to switch and cabling
● If the central switch fails , the rest of
the network fails

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11
Q

What is a mesh topology?

A

Every node connected to every other node.

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12
Q

What are the advantages of mesh topology?

A

● If using a wireless network, there is
no cabling cost
● As the number of nodes increase,
the reliability and speed of network
becomes better
● Nodes are automatically
incorporated
● Nodes don’t go through a central
switch, improving speed

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of mesh topology?

A

● If using a wireless network, devices
with wireless capability (which
increases cost ) must be purchased
● If using a wired network, a large
quantity of cable is required
compared to other network
topologies like bus and star. This is
expensive.
● Maintaining the network is difficult

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14
Q

What are protocols?

A

A set of rules which define how two computers communicate with each other. They are standard so all devices have a method of communicating despite manufacturer.

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15
Q

What are the common protocols?

A
  • HTPP
  • TCP/IP
  • POP3
  • IMAP
  • FTP
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16
Q

What is the internet structure?

A

A network of networks. Continets are linked to each other using large international backbone cables.

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17
Q

What are the layers of TCP/IP stack.

A
  • Application
  • Transport
  • Network
  • Link
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18
Q

What is the client/server logical structure?

A
  • Clients request access to data from server
  • Server provide data/service
19
Q

What are the advantages of server/client?

A
  • Easier to secure data
  • Easier to backup data
  • Easier to manage users
  • Only one point of failure
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of server/client?

A
  • Expensive
  • Central point of failure
21
Q

What is peer to peer logical structure?

A
  • No device has a higher status than other devices
  • Devices request data/services from each other
22
Q

What are the advantages of peer to peer?

A
  • Doesnt rely on server
  • Doesnt rely on single internet connection
  • Less hardware investement
23
Q

What are the disadvantages of peer to peer?

A
  • Insecure
  • Lots of connections
24
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

A method of communication where a direct link is created between two devices.Link is maintained for duration of communication.

25
Q

What are the advantages of circuit switching?

A
  • Data arrives in a logical order which
    results in a quicker reconstruction of the
    data
  • Enables two users to hold a call without
    delay in speech.
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of circuit switching?

A
  • Bandwidth is wasted during periods of time in which no data is being sent.
  • Devices must transfer and receive data at the same rate .
  • Using switches means electrical interference may be produced which can corrupt or destroy data.
  • Ties up sections of the network which cannot be used by others data until transmission has been completed
27
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A method of communication in which data is communicated using packets across a network. Packets are sent across the
most efficient route, which can vary for each packet.

28
Q

What are the advantages of packet switching?

A
  • Multiple methods to ensure data arrives intact eg. checksums and cyclic
    redundancy checks
  • Multiple routes can be used between devices, so if one path breaks, another can be used.
  • Packets can be transferred over very large networks to allow communication globally.
29
Q

What are the disadvantages of packet switching

A
  • Time is spent deconstructing andreconstructing the data packets
  • Must wait for all packets to arrive before data can be received.
30
Q

What is a wireless access point?

A

A device that sends and recieves data using radio signals.

31
Q

What is frequency allocation?

A
  • Data is broadcast at a chosen frequency
  • Frequencies are split into abdns , 2.4GHZ of 5GHZ
  • Bands are further split into overlapping channels
32
Q

What are the risks of wifi?

A
  • Devices can be accessed without physical connection
  • Bandwidth can be stolen
  • Data can be intercepted
33
Q

What are layers?

A

A step in the protocol.

34
Q

What happens during the sending process of application layer?

A

Select an appropiate protocol

35
Q

What happens during the recieving process of application layer?

A

Select appropiate protocol to interpret data

36
Q

What happens during the sending process of transport layer?

A
  • Split data into packets
  • Add packet numbers and a port
37
Q

What happens during the recieving process of transport layer?

A
  • Removes headers
  • Reassemble packets
  • Requesting any missing packets
38
Q

What happens during the sending process of internet layer?

A
  • Add sender and recipient IP address
  • IP is a socket
39
Q

What happens during the recieving process of internet layer?

A

Remove headers

40
Q

What happens during the sending process of link layer?

A
  • Add the sender and recipient MAC address for next step
41
Q

What happens during the recieving process of link layer?

A

Removes headers

42
Q

What is a DNS

A
  • A database matching IP adresses to domain names.
43
Q
A
44
Q
A

a-level comp sci (7 decks)

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