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Cardiology > CABS Arrhythmias > Flashcards

CABS Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

PAC’s (premature atrial contraction) is when
May originate within ______ area of the atria or the _______ node.

A

atria getting wonky and cause premature contraction
not from sinus nodal cells

may originate within another area of the atria or the AV node

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2
Q

PAC’s morphology

A

narrow; looks like everywhere else just coming in early (QRS complex)
will have a change in the PR interval

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3
Q

PAC’s can degenerate into ________ __________ and can cause _________.

A

other arrhythmias
Atrial myopathy (atria might enlarge)

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4
Q

PVC’s (premature ventricular contraction) is when

A

abnormal beats are coming from ventricular myocardium

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5
Q

PVC’s morphology

A

wider - did not come from the Atria came from the ventricles since it had to go around-about way to stimulate the electrical impulse so it takes longer

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6
Q

PVC subtypes (descriptions on the ratio)

A

Bigeminy - every 2 beats
Trigeminy - two normal, PVC
Quadrigeminy - three normal, PVC

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7
Q

Blocks are a delay in conduction along the _________ pathway

A

Ventricular

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8
Q

1st degree block is a delay in transmission from _______ through the ______ node to the ________

A

atria
AV node
Ventricles

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9
Q

On ECG in first degree block you will see ___________.

A

prolonged PR interval (> 200ms or 3+ boxes)

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10
Q

1st degree AV block has no impact on ______________.

A

Cardiac output

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11
Q

2nd degree Atrioventricular Block (AV Block) has two types =

A

Mobitz Type 1 (Wenckebach)
Mobitz Type 2

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12
Q

Mobitz Type 1 =

A

Wenckebach - progressive prolongation until beat drop (first PR segment is normal)

beat, beat, beat, drop - now you got a Wenckebach

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13
Q

Mobitz Type 2 =

A

PR is maintained but will occasionally not conduct through to the ventricles (worse, more unpredictable loss of QRS complex)

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14
Q

Second degree may be associated with ______ involving/ near the conduction system

A

MI

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15
Q

3rd degree Atrioventricular Block (AV Block) =

A

complete heart block, no atrial impulses reach the ventricle (not sharing the electricity, wide QRS complex, p waves are normal but do not really correlate with one another)

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16
Q

In 3rd degree block, the atria and ventricles are ______ communicating and HR is typically < ______ bpm

A

not
45 bpm

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17
Q

A result of 3rd degree block is bradycardia and decreased end diastolic filling, pt may present with:

A

lightheadedness
palpitations
syncope
weakness
fatigue
chest pain (not enough O2)

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18
Q

Bundle branch blocks is

A

disruption of electrical conduction down one of the bundle branches coming off of the Bundle of His

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19
Q

Right bundle branch block (RBBB) are associated with increased ___________ ventricle hypertrophy, increased ventricular ________, MI, infarction, inflammation and iatrogenic meds

A

right
pressure

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20
Q

Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) are often associated with ______/_________, __________ (abscess), post _______ changes.

A

MI/ infarction
endocarditis
post surgical changes

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21
Q

RBBB on ECG

A

“bunny ears” in V1-3
Normal speed and pattern down the left bundle, RV contraction is activated via the septum, R-wave is delayed

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22
Q

LBBB on ECG

A

Wider QRS complex
Normal speed/pattern down the right bundle, bulk of ventricular depolarization and muscle tone is on the left side, results in slow QRS complex (Wide)

23
Q

Things to ask yourself about arrhythmias

A

regular or irregular
fast or slow
wide or narrow
P-waves

24
Q

Tachyarrhythmias that are Narrow and Regular on ECG

A

sinus tachycardia
supraventricular tachycardia
atrial flutter

25
Q

Tachyarrhythmias that are narrow and irregular on ECG

A

multifocal atrial tachycardia
atrial fibrillation

26
Q

tachyarrhythmias that are wide and regular on ECG

A

ventricular tachycardia
hyperkalemia

27
Q

Tachyarrhythmias that are wide and irregular on ECG

A

polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
ventricular fibrillation

28
Q

tachyarrhythmias: are typically associated with

A

increased automaticity
increased triggering
re-entry circuit

29
Q

Sinus tachycardia is the m/c tachyarrhythmia they are usually -
HR > than _____ bpm and is a ________ dysrhythmia

A

100 bpm
benign (no end organ damage)

30
Q

Tx of sinus tachycardia

A

treat the underlying cause

31
Q

Causes of sinus tachycardia

A

increased automaticity (increased SA node firing)
increased sympathetic tone (catecholamines)

32
Q

Paroxysmal Supraventricular tachycardia is a sustained ________ loop within the ________ node, _____-waves are typically not visualized

A

re-entry
AV node
P-waves

33
Q

Difference between PSVT and sinus tach

A

sinus tach =
HR will always stay high but rate will fluctuate
PSVT =
HR never changes

34
Q

PSVT on ECG

A

rate 150-250
P-waves are buried within the QRS complex or P on T (no PR interval)
Narrow QRS

35
Q

Tx for PSVT

A

adenosine - slow down HR
vasovagal maneuver - bear down, blow up a syringe while doing sit up
carotid massage - one at a time to stimulate baroreceptors

36
Q

Atrial fibrillation is …
due to _______ areas of _________ that are desynchronized within the ________.

A

irregularly irregular rhythm with narrow QRS complex (not a sinus rhythm)
multiple
automaticity
atria (SA node is not in control)

37
Q

3 types of Afib are

A

paroxysmal
persistent
permanent

38
Q

Paroxysmal Afib lasts less than …

A

7 days with spontaneous conversion

39
Q

Persistent Afib is over _____ or needs _______.

A

7 days or needs cardioversion

40
Q

Permanent Afib is …

A

Long standing (staying in Afib for forever)

41
Q

Afib on ECG shows

A

No clear P waves
QRS are narrow
Irregularly irregular QRS complex
seen best in V1

42
Q

Left atrial appendage has a big tendency to lead to

A

Stroke

43
Q

Atrial flutter on ECG looks like …

A

regular rate (R-R is regular)
narrow QRS
single morphology P-waves in sawtooth pattern
typically 150 bpm

44
Q

For ventricular tachycardia impulses originate in the myocardium of the __________ and is most associated with previous _______.

A

Ventricles
MI

45
Q

1 cause of ventricular tachycardia is

A

long QT

46
Q

Torsades de Pointes is

A

twisting of the points - a polymorphic VT (wide and narrow) from prolonged QT, increased automaticity

47
Q

Tx of torsades de pointes

A

magnesium IV bollus

48
Q

Ventricular fibrillation - primary disease is most commonly associated with

A

ischemic disease

49
Q

two types of ventricular fibrillation

A

coarse and fine

50
Q

Ventricular fibrillation on ECG looks like

A

course or fine
No P-waves, defined QRS, T waves
unable to determine real rate (very irregular)

51
Q

Bradyarrhythmia may be associated with decreased

A

automaticity

52
Q

sinus bradycardia causes

A

increased vagal tone (parasympathetic)
medications that slow AV conduction
metabolic changes
electrolyte abnormalities
brain herniation (cushing triad)

53
Q

sick sinus dysfunction is

A

dysfunction within the SA node, tachy brady syndrome

Cardiology (7 decks)

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