CABS Cardiomyopathies

Question 1

Ejection fraction = _____ / ________

Answer 1

SV / end diastolic volume

can fluctuate between 50-65%

Question 2

Right on the frank-starling curve means

Answer 2

the sarcomeres are stretched out they no longer have a good contraction/ good communication

Question 3

Left on the frank-starling curse means

Answer 3

the sarcomeres are so close together there is no more room for contraction

Question 4

Types of cardiomyopathies

Answer 4

hypertrophic
restrictive (l/c)
dilated (m/c)

Question 5

Systolic dysfunction is when

Answer 5

decreased contractility leading to reduced ejection fraction (can’t squeeze well)

Question 6

Diastolic Dysfunction is when

Answer 6

inability for the ventricle to completely relax to allow for appropriate passive filling (impaired filling and relaxation)

Question 7

Dilated cardiomyopathy causes ______ dysfunction

Answer 7

systolic dysfunction

Question 8

Hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy causes ______ dysfunction

Answer 8

diastolic dysfunction

Question 9

Dilated cardiomyopathy leads to

Answer 9

dilation of the ventricle and leads to reduced contractility

Question 10

Dilated cardiomyopathy is ______ hypertrophy

Answer 10

eccentric

Question 11

Dilation of LV leads to

Answer 11

increased preload
increased atrial pressure
atrial dilation (pulm edema)
decreased CO

Question 12

Thin and floppy - matches with

Answer 12

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 13

Takotsubo is

Answer 13

transient ballooning of the cardiac apex due to profound stress (usually the LV)
“broken heart”

Question 14

Presentation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Answer 14

sx of left sided HF
S3 associated with max compliance of the LV

Question 15

Cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (drug)

Answer 15

cocaine

Question 16

Dilated Cardiomyopathy can present with what type of arrhythmia

Answer 16

Afib

Question 17

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is

Answer 17

thickening of the myocardium leading to poor diastolic filling and may lead to outflow obstruction
(due to sarcomere dysfunction)

Question 18

The type of genetic mutation for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is

Answer 18

Autosomal dominant missense mutation of the myosin
leads to decreased sarcomere dysfunction

Question 19

Where does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy usually take place in the heart

Answer 19

often more pronounced in the septum but can happen anywhere

Question 20

Most common causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 20

genetics
HTN
Aortic stenosis
Amyloidosis

Question 21

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is concentric or eccentric?

Answer 21

concentric

Question 22

Type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that leads to SCD in younger pts

Answer 22

HOCM (hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy)

Question 23

HOCM is

Answer 23

LV hypertrophy along the septum can begin to occlude the outflow tract (aortic valve)
Further closure of the outflow tract is called the Venturi Effect

Question 24

Hypertrophy will further cause a

Answer 24

supply and demand mismatch

Question 25

Supply and demand mismatch (CO and bodies need for O2) presents as

Answer 25

angina d/t ischemia
dyspnea
increased risk of arrythmia

Question 26

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy presents as

Answer 26

systolic murmur - crescendo-decrescendo
S4
HF
arrhythmia (m/c afib)
may also have mitral regurgitation (venturi effect)

Question 27

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is

Answer 27

fibrosis of the myocardium
muscle becomes tense and scarred which leads to decreased compliance

Question 28

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy can lead to

Answer 28

decreased preload
decreased CO
supply/ demand mismatch –> ischemia

can eventually lead to both RV HF and LV HF secondary to decreased compliance

Question 29

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Endomyocardial fibrosis - can be associated with

Answer 29

initial infection (toxoplasmosis, rheumatic heart disease, malaria)
autoimmune issue marked by eosinophils –> inflammatory reaction –> fibrosis

Question 30

Restrictive cardiomyopathy: amyloidosis is when

Answer 30

misfolded antibodies which are able to be deposited within the tissues leads to fibril deposition and chronic inflammation –> myocardial fibrosis and decreased compliance

Question 31

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Sarcoidosis is hallmarked by

Answer 31

non-caseating granuloma formation
deposits within heart, lungs, skin, eyes, joints

Question 32

Sarcoidosis: Granuloma exterior is made up of

Answer 32

macrophages and fibrotic tissue
centrally contains epithelioid cells

Question 33

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Hemochromatosis is when

Answer 33

excess iron d/t poor protein modulation within the liver leading to increased absorption and release from spleen –> iron deposits within the myocardium