Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiology > CABS Cardiac Ischemia > Flashcards

CABS Cardiac Ischemia Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Hyperlipidemia - two types are

A

Hyperlipidemia two types primary - familial
secondary - acquired (dietary, medication, DM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atherosclerosis is

A

hardening of the walls of the vessels such that they become less compliant, can restrict blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The walls of the vessels are made up of what layers? (3)

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa - contains vasa vasorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The tunica intima is?

A

inner layer of simple squamous endothelium - contains properties discussed in heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The tunica media is?

A

smooth muscle layer, under autonomic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The tunica externa is?

A

connective tissue layer
contains vasa vasorum - vessels that feed the layers of the thicker/ larger vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atherosclerosis occurs within the ________ of the arteries.
________ cells will accumulate in this layer. Typically form in areas where there is repetitive ________ to the vessel wall

A

intima
foam cells
injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Foam cells are?

A

lipid filled macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ inflammatory states, __________ risk of atherosclerosis

A

increase
increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

First stage in development of atherosclerosis is

A

fatty streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Development associated with stressors, increased
lipid deposition in the subendothelial space, increases proinflammatory mediators

A

fatty streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

within the fatty streak the muscle cells undergo

A

apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

accumulation of monocytes that are engorged with cholesterol (foam cells) creates …

A

atherosclerotic plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

after foam cells die and necrotic core develops smooth muscle cells will …

A

invade the intima increasing size of the plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the thinner vessels created secondary to this disease process (atherosclerosis) are more likely to

A

rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cellular components of the atherosclerotic plaque include

A

macrophages
smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Extracellular components of the atherosclerotic plaque include

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Increased turbulence leads to increased pressure which can lead to increased ______ of the capsule wall

A

thinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ischemia is

A

decreased blood flow leading to hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Infarction is

A

blood flow is cut off leading to necrosis (cellular death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coronary vessels fill during

A

diastolic relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Left coronary artery branches into

A

left circumflex
Left anterior descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Left circumflex feeds the

Study These Flashcards
A

anterior wall and lateral wall of the heart

24
Q

Left anterior descending feeds the

Study These Flashcards
A

anterior and septal aspect of the heart

25
Right coronary artery feeds the
right side of the heart and some of the inferior aspect of left ventricle conduction system
26
Angina is
chest discomfort (heavy, pressure, tight) located substernal or slightly to the left
27
Myocardial Ischemia is
oxygen demand of the cardiac muscle outweighs the oxygen being delivered supply and demand mismatch of O2
28
Stable angina is
history of reproducible angina (exercise induced myocardial ischemia) discomfort comes on a routine/ expected intervals
29
Stable angina: sx last less than ______ minutes once provocative activity has stopped
20
30
Acute myocardial infarction types (1&2)
Type 1 = d/t coronary atherothrombosis (unstable plaque that opened up) Type 2 = d/t supply-demand mismatch (arrhythmia, septic, pH is off, etc)
31
ACS Pathophysiology
plaque rupture thrombogenic substrates released activation of platelets coagulation cascade
32
Unstable angina is
new-onset angina or change in precipitating factors (takes less exertion/ stress to induce sx than previous, may occur at rest)
33
no necrosis =
unstable angina
34
necrosis =
AMI (acute myocardial infarction)
35
Acute myocardial infarction may lead to
decreased contractility which will further decrease profusion includes STEMI and NSTEMI
36
NSTEMI is m/c d/t
disrupted atherosclerotic plaque or partial blockage
37
NSTEMI on ECG looks like
new horizontal or downsloping ST segment < 0.5 mm T wave inversion > 1mm (ST depression or inverted T wave) in 2 continuous leads
38
STEMI typically begins with
atherosclerotic plaque rupture
39
STEMI has ________ myocardial ischemia
transmural (complete obstruction of flow)
40
STEMI on ECG looks like
ST elevation in two continuous leads (needs to be leads V2 and V3 - 2 mm elevation) J point is elevated above the isoelectric line
41
Right ventricular infarction is associated with occlusion of what artery
right coronary artery occlusion
42
Right ventricular infarction will have elevated ______ and decreased ______ d/t decreased ______ filling
JVP CO LV
43
Right ventricular infarction is _____ STEMI
inferior (ST elevation V1, 2, 3 and ST depression in V2)
44
STEMI mimics =
Acute pericarditis - will show ST elevation in all the leads though Myopericarditis - usually viral or autoimmune Left ventricular hypertrophy Aortic dissection Severe hypercalcemia (electrolyte abnormalities)
45
Coronary Vasospasm is
diffuse or focal spasm of the coronary arteries due to hyperactivity of smooth muscle (causes them to clamp down) Presents like a STEMI (transient ECG findings) may occur at rest
46
Coronary Vasospasm tx
nitro STAT call cath lab
47
Coronary vasospasm trigger (drugs?)
cocaine, marijuana, ETOH, amphetamines
48
Complications of ischemia include
decreased CO - decreased BP Arrhythmias (m/c afib) Blocks Cardiogenic shock Acute mitral regurg
49
Papillary muscle dysfunction can be a complete or partial
rupture
50
Papillary muscle dysfunction: Most common at the __________, causes _________.
posteromedial papillary muscle, causes acute mitral reguargitation
51
Rupture of the wall is defined by
tear in the infarcted myocardium, typically occurs 72 hrs - 4 days after initial infarction
52
Ventricular aneurysm is
complication of acute myocardial infarction, infarcted area of ventricle weakens, chamber will enlarge, overtime will scar and calcify decreased CO and contactility --> hypotension
53
Mural thrombi is m/c w/
anterior STEMI (LAD)
54
Mural thrombi is associated with pts who have suffered with
apical aneurysm --> poor contractility of the apex with relative blood stasis
55
Mural thrombi leads to
arterial embolic events

Cardiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions