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EDN LECTURE FINALS > Trauma Emergencies (Shock/Hemo, TBI) > Flashcards

Trauma Emergencies (Shock/Hemo, TBI) Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ the kinetic energy of a projectile, the _____ the wounding potential.

A

greater; greater

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2
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage between the skull and dura mater

A

Epidural hematoma

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3
Q

Urine output of ____ is indicative of shock

A

25 mL/hr

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4
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injury describes an extensive damage involving a wide area of neural tissues throughout the ___ and ___; the damage involves the __________ of the neural _____ matter.

A

cerebrum; brainstem
innermost centroaxial areas
white

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5
Q

Results from a single blunt strike that creates a fissure line in the cranium

A

Linear fracture

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6
Q

A collective term describing a wide range of pathologic conditions and types of trauma involving the brain

A

Traumatic brain injury

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7
Q

Periorbital ecchymosis

A

Raccoon’s eyes

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8
Q

A distortion in the integrity of the bony skull

A

Skull fracture

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9
Q

Tissue that is _____ has a tendency to take up more _____, resulting in greater _____.

A

dense; energy; damage

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10
Q

A term that refers to inadequate tissue perfusion

A

Shock

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11
Q

Pulse in Class IV Hemorrhage

A

> 140 bpm

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12
Q

Possible causes of shock

A

Massive bleeding
Infection
Severe allergic reaction
Severe dehydration
Heart problems

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13
Q

The important indicators of determining the extent of injuries includes:

(American Trauma Life Support, 2020)

A

Gun’s caliber
Presumed path and velocity
Distance from the weapon to the victim’s entrance point

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14
Q

It is administered to maintain cardiac output, but not until volume is replaced.

A

Vasopressors

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15
Q

A life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow

A

Shock

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16
Q

Amount of blood loss in Class I Hemorrhage

A

≤750 mL

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17
Q

It is the bruising of the brain tissue that occurs when the head suffers a direct impact with a rigid object

A

Contusion

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18
Q

Anterior Basilar Skull Fracture results from a ______ fall that damages _____ area

A

forward; frontal

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19
Q

Entrance wound is called V1 (inlet velocity) as the

A

maximal point of energy

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20
Q

It is carried by the bullet and subsequently transferred into the tissues causing damage in a GSW victim

A

Kinetic Energy (KE)

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21
Q

In blood transfusion, ____ packed RBC can be administered.

A

O-negative

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22
Q

Intracranial bleeding between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.

A

Subarachnoid hematoma

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23
Q

Occurs when the generated force is greater than the cranial vault can absorb

A

Head trauma

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24
Q

Stimulation of the gag reflex can ___ ICP

A

increase

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25
Q

Mental status in Class II Hemorrhage

A

Mildly anxious

26
Q

CSF leak that may cause an _____ infection

A

ascending

27
Q

Behavioral changes in primary assessment of shock

A

Agitation
Confusion
Unresponsiveness

28
Q

The study of projectile penetration of the tissues

A

Wound ballistics

29
Q

A perforated scalp is observed

A

Open skull fracture

30
Q

The amount of destruction is directly related to the:

A

Caliber of the gun
Type of bullet
Proximity of the muzzle to the victim

31
Q

Type of dressing to control bleeding

A

loose, bulky

32
Q

If a projectile does not exit the body, then ___ its kinetic energy has been transferred to the tissues.

A

all

33
Q

True or False: Basal Skull Fracture results from a backward fall that damages the occiput

A

True

34
Q

Result from a fall and may result laceration of bone tissues.

A

Depressed skull fracture

35
Q

Hypovolemic shock may result from

A

Hemorrhage
Burns
GI losses
Fluid shifts

36
Q

The inadequacy to perfuse tissue is a result of one or more of the following:

A

Pump failure of the heart
Decrease circulating blood volume
Changes in the arterial resistance vessels
Changes in the capacity of the venous beds

37
Q

Usually ____ liters of blood volume is loss in hemorrhage

A

5

38
Q

True or False: Do not assume a cervical spine fracture for any patient with a significant head injury, until otherwise proven.

A

False; Assume

39
Q

Priority nursing diagnosis for shock and hemorrhage

A

Altered tissue perfusion

40
Q

Late signs of increased ICP:

A

Hypertension
Bradycardia

41
Q

Fluid management in Class III Hemorrhage

A

Crystalloids with BT

42
Q

Occurs when significant amount of fluid (blood, plasma, or electrolyte solution) is lost from intravascular space

A

Hypovolemic shock

43
Q

A subjective feeling as a sign of shock

A

Impending doom

44
Q

In relation to physics, KE is computed based on:

A

KE=WVG

Weight of the bullet
Velocity
Gravitational acceleration

45
Q

Fluid of choice for the initial treatment of hemorrhage

A

PLR

46
Q

If the bullet does not exit the body, outlet
velocity is _____

A

zero or V0

47
Q

CSF leak
ear: _____
nose: _____

A

otorrhea
rhinorrhea

48
Q

Intracranial bleeding between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.

A

Subarachnoid hematoma

49
Q

Ture or False: Concussion is a direct brain injury involving neural tissue; a permanent loss of consciousness that results from a transient interruption on the brain’s normal functioning

A

False; temporary

50
Q

Drugs for TBI:

A

anticonvulsants
Mannitol
antibiotics
antipyretics

51
Q

If basilar skull fracture or severe midface
fractures are suspected, ___ is contraindicated.

A

NGT

52
Q

The science of the motion of projectiles

A

Ballistics

53
Q

The high v1 creates an _____ path along which the bullet travels, but also _____ pressure also exists behind the bullet, which _____ debris and bacteria to the wound.

A

inward; negative; pulls

54
Q

_____ is one of the leading causes of _____, and _____ are the leading source of high-velocity penetrating trauma

A

Penetrating trauma; hemorrhage; gunshot wounds

55
Q

Refers to rapid loss of circulating blood volume

A

Hemorrhage

56
Q

Periauricular ecchymosis; a bluish discoloration behind the ears

A

Battle’s sign

57
Q

Goals of treatment for hemorrhage

A

To decrease blood loss
To increase intravascular volume

58
Q

If the projectile _____ the body, then only some of its kinetic energy has been transferred to the tissues.

A

exits

59
Q

Significant bleeding into a space or potential space between the skull and the brain

A

Intracranial hemorrhage

60
Q

True or False: Fluid should be restricted in TBI

A

True

61
Q

True or False: Hypotension as a sign of shock is the fall of diastolic blood pressure.

A

False; SBP yon teh

62
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage between the dura mater and arachnoid mater.

A

Subdural hematoma

EDN LECTURE FINALS (11 decks)

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