Social Psychology P2 Flashcards
what is the prisoners dilemma?
-game theory for understanding cooperation and competition
-models why cooperation can be rare
-influenced by trust
what is an effective strategy for the prisoners dilemma?
-tit-for-tat strategy
-doing what your partner did on the last round
what is altruism?
behavior toward another person that benefits other, at potential cost to self
what does the evolutionary theory of altruism say?
-promotes your own genes; operates on selfishness
what are the 3 explanations for the existence of altruism?
-selfishness
-inclusive fitness
-reciprocal altruism
what is selfishness and evidence for it?
-selfishness: helping actually benefits yourself
-evidence: ferguson et al. (2008) beliefs in personal benefit predicted actual future blood donation better than beliefs in societal benefit
what is inclusive fitness?
-help relatives
-evidence: adoption patterns in Oceania
-animal evidence: alarm calls in belding’s ground squirrels
what is reciprocal altruism?
-help others in return for future help for yourself
-animal evidence: blood meal donation in vampire bats
what is the bystander effect?
-as the number of people present increases, the likelihood of helping decreases
what are the influencing factors for bystander effect?
-ambiguity: more helping if clearer that person truly needs help
-cohesiveness: more helping if member is of established group; social responsibility norm
-diffusion of responsibility: assume someone else will help, especially if large group of bystanders
are there sex differences for aggression?
yes, males more aggressive than females in many species
-sexual dimorphism (males and females have different characteristics)
what are the 3 sex differences talked about in lecture?
-boys and girls equally verbally aggressive
-boys use more physical aggression
-girls use more indirect (relational) aggression
what is the intrauterine position effect?
-natural testosterone exposure in utero in rodents, compares females that are 0, 1, and 2 months
-2 M females are more aggressive than 0M
what is low serotonin correlated with?
-higher scores on standard aggression tests
-impulsive arson
-animal abuse
what are the effects of observational learning: do children pick up aggressive behavior from adults?
-Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment
-spanking
-spanking results: greater risk when both parents spanked more than twice in prior month;;; being spanked 2+ times at age 3 by mother or father associated w/increased risk of aggression at age 5
