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OB Ultrasound > Fetal face and neck > Flashcards

Fetal face and neck Flashcards

1
Q

The upper liip and the Nares are best seen in the __________ ________ with respect to the fetus

A

Coronal plane

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2
Q

True or False

You must have this image, including the upper lip and the two Nares

A

True

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3
Q

Why is it important to image the upper lip and the Nares?

A

To exclude the possibility of facial clefting (this part of the normal second trimester US)

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4
Q

In what planes can the feral eyes be imaged?

A

Coronally or tranversely

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5
Q

In times past, the inner orbital distances were used to evaluate the _______

A

Pregnancy

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6
Q

The inner orbital distances are really only used when trying to evaluated for other fetal cranial abnormalities like ___________

A

Holoprosencephaly

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7
Q

The presence of a nasal bone is _________ noted

A

Usually

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8
Q

Hypoplastic or absent nasal bones maybe associated with______________

A

Trisomy 21

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9
Q

Soft tissue in the neck are evaluated in the _____________ or ______________

A

Transverse or sagittal plane

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10
Q

The AP dimensions or thickness of the nuchal fold is evaluated in fetuses less than ___________

A

24 weeks

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11
Q

The measurement of the fetal neck should be taken from ______________to the ______________

A

Outer echogenic skull to the outer skin line

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12
Q

Fetal neck measurement should be

A

less than 6mm

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13
Q

When the neck measurement is greater than six, there is an association with

A

Trisomy 21

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14
Q

When should the neck measurement no longer be taken?

A

If the fetus is greater than 24 weeks

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15
Q

Marked thickening of the nuchal fold is also associated with

A

Turner’s syndrome, called a cystic hygroma

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16
Q

Decreased intraorbital distance

A

Hypotelorism

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17
Q

Hypotelorism is associated with

A

Syndromes and holoprosencephaly

18
Q

Increased intraorbital distance

A

Hypertelorism

19
Q

Hypertelorism is associated with

A

Anterior Cephalocele and many syndromes

20
Q

The most common congenital facial abnormality

A

Facial clefting

21
Q

_________% cleft lip only

A

25

22
Q

________% cleft lip and palate

A

50

23
Q

_______% cleft palate only

A

25

24
Q

The ultrasound diagnosis relies on the presence of a _________ ______ to recognize the abnormality

A

Cleft lip

25
Q

What will cleft lip look like on ultrasound?

A

An interruption in the upper lip

this is why it is necessary to view the entire lip and Nares

26
Q

Don’t mistake a cleft lip for a

A

Normal philtrum (dip in the skin above the lip)

27
Q

It is extremely difficult to recognize an ___________ ____________ __________ on ultrasound

A

isolated cleft palate

28
Q

Sagittal image of the midline of the face

A

Profile

29
Q

What are the two things that the profile image is used for finding

A
  1. Micrognathia

2. Frontal bossing

30
Q

an abnormally small jaw, associated with syndromes especially Trisomy 18

A

Micrognathia

31
Q

A prominent forehead due to an absent nasal bridge, associated with syndromes and skeletal dysplasia

A

Frontal bossing

32
Q

Facial masses

A
  1. Epignathus
  2. Cervical teratoma
  3. Cystic hygroma
33
Q

Are facial masses common or uncommon

A

uncommon

34
Q

A rare pharyngeal teratoma which protude from the fetal mouth
- looks like a large complex cystic and solid mass

A

Epignathus

35
Q

Epignathus is associated with ______________ because of ineffective fetal swallowing

A

Polyhydramnios

36
Q

May occur anywhere on or around the neck. It also appears as a complex solid or cystic mass near the fetal neck

A

Cervical teratoma

37
Q

A benign developmental anomaly of the lympthatic system in which single or multiple cystic areas are present around the neck

A

Cystic hygroma

38
Q

Cystic hygroma has a high association with

A

Chromosomal abnormalities especially Turner’s syndrome and downs syndrome

39
Q

Large hygromas are often associated with

A

fetal hydrops

40
Q

What are the ultrasound findings with Cystic hygromas

A
  • thin walled, multi septated mass at the posterior aspect of the neck
  • may see nuchal ligament extending posteriorly associated with hydrops fetalis which shows fetal ascites, body wall edema, pleural effusions

OB Ultrasound (24 decks)

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