Unit 6 (Georgia standard): Stability and change in ecosystem Flashcards

ecology, food chain and webs, energy pyramid, exponential and logistic growth

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1
Q

MOST organisms in any ecosystem are
A herbivores
B consumers
C producers
D heterotrophs

A

producers

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2
Q

A consumer that eats only producers

A

Herbivores

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3
Q

A consumer that eats only other consumers

A

Carnivore

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4
Q

A consumer that eats both producers and consumers

A

Omnivore

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5
Q

A consumer that eats dead or decaying remains

A

scavenger/detritivores

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6
Q

Chemically break down dead or decaying remains and absorbs the nutrients

A

decomposers

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7
Q

the only organisms on earth that do not require the sun to make their food, they use the heat and methane gas that is released from deep sea thermal vents to make their food instead

A

chemosynthetic prokaryotes

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8
Q

A series of steps showing the transfer of energy from one organism to another (one possibility of who eats whom)

A

food chain

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9
Q

A network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships of various organisms (all the possibilities of who eats whom)

A

food webs

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10
Q

Does it matter which way the arrow of a food web and/or food chain faces? Why?

A

Yes, it shows the direction of energy flow

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11
Q

Shows the passing of energy from one trophic level

A

Energy pyramid

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12
Q

States that only 10% of the available energy passes from one trophic level to the next

A

10% rule

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13
Q

What happens to the 90% left over when talking about the 10% rule of ecology?

A

It is lost/given off as heat

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14
Q

In ecosystems, does matter (nutrients) move in cycles or in a one-way flow?

A

Cycles

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15
Q

Solar energy is converted to ___ energy as the ___/___ photosynthesize and make ___ (carb)

A

chemical, producers/autotrophs, glucose

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16
Q

Another name for a herbivore in the food web &/or chain is a ___ consumer

A

Primary consumer

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17
Q

What 2 cellular processes run the carbon cycle?

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

18
Q

What element does not cycle through the atmosphere?

A

Phosphorus

19
Q

What makes nitrogen available to organisms in an ecosystem? (nitrogen cycle)

A

Bacteria

20
Q

A species of organisms that play a critical role in maintaining the structure/balance of an ecological community

A

Keystone species

21
Q

Without the keystone species, the community would be greatly ___ and many other species would be ___ impacted

A

impacted/altered, negatively

22
Q

An ecological event that involves changes to the structure of an ecosystem resulting from changes to animals or plants at one or more trophic levels of the food web

A

Trophic cascade

23
Q

Any behavior that improves another animals health and chances of survival at the expense of their own

A

Alturism

24
Q

Close, long-term relationship between different species, where at least 1 species benefits

A

Symbiosis

25
Q

+/+ both species benefit

A

mutualism

26
Q

+/0 one species benefits and the other is unaffected

A

commensalism

27
Q

+/- one species benefits and the other is harmed

A

parasitism

28
Q

What are the 3 feeding interactions?

A

predator/prey, consumer/producer, scavenging

29
Q

2 or more species or individuals of the same species using the same limited resources

A

competition

30
Q

Competition between different species

A

Interspecific competition

31
Q

Competition within the same species

A

Intraspecific competition

32
Q

Resources that are limited in supply so they can limit population growth

A

Limiting factors

33
Q

a limiting factor that depends on population size

A

density dependent factors

34
Q

a limiting factor that effects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

A

density independent factors

35
Q

the maximum population that an environment can support over a long period of time

A

carrying capacity

36
Q

population grows at a constantly increasing rate, conditions are optimal and resources are unlimited

A

exponential growth

37
Q

another name for an exponential growth is an ___ ___

A

j curve

38
Q

population increases quickly, then growth slows as the population is impacted by limiting resources such as food running out

A

logistic growth

39
Q

another name for a logistic growth is a ___ ___

A

s curve

40
Q

density independent factors that cause changes in populations are normally ___ factors

A

abiotic

41
Q

density dependent factors that cause changes in populations are normally ___ factors

A

biotic