Judicial Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Judicial review is a judicial process which allows courts to scrutinise the actions of the ___________

A

Executive

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2
Q

Judicial reviews looks into whether the _______ used to make the ________ was within law

A

process, decision

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3
Q

Judicial review is available only against decisions made by ______ ______

A

Public bodies

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4
Q

If a person seeking JR has a ________ with the public authority whose decision is being questioned, ________ law will govern and judicial review is not available

A

contract, private

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5
Q

Application for JR will be denied if ruling in Applicant’s favour would not ___________ ______ the applicant’s outcome

A

substantially change

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6
Q

JR applications must be brought _______, and no later than _ ________ after the issue arose

A

Promptly, 3 months

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7
Q

JR of a planning decision of land use must be brought _ _______ from the date of the decision

A

6 weeks

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8
Q

If a matter mixes public law and private law issues, they can be reviewed in a _______ ___ proceeding

A

private law

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9
Q

An applicant for judicial review must have _________

A

standing

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10
Q

The test for standing for JR is the ________ ___________ test

A

sufficient interest

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11
Q

_______ do not usually have standing, but if they are

Responsible
well ____________
has ___________
There’s unlikely to be an alternative __________

a court will find sufficient interest

A

Groups, resourced, expertise, claimant

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12
Q

Ground for JR

A claim for illegality may be based on an assertion that the public authority:

Acted ______ _____,

Failed to comply with a specific ______ ____, e.g. by not considering eliminating discrimination

Unlawfully ___________ their power to another

Took into account __________ __________

Acted under an ______ __ ____

A

ultra vires, legal duty, delegating, irrelevant considerations, error of law

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13
Q

What is the Public Sector Equality Duty?

A

A specific legal duty that public authorities must comply with, focusing on the protection and advancement of those with protected characteristics

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14
Q

Can ouster clauses (those which state the decisions of the authority cannot be challenged) be challenged themselves? If so, when?

A

Yes - the courts can hear the case to determine whether the action was legal

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15
Q

Ground for JR

Procedural impropriety focuses on whether the decision maker complied with the procedures outlined in the statute delegating the power. Decision can be found invalid for:

Failure to follow ______________ ____________

Failure of the common law right to be _____

Failure of the common law right to an _______ decision maker

Failure of the duty to ________

Failure of the duty to give _______

Failure to meet __________ ___________

Failure to make a __________/rational decision

A

mandatory requirements, heard, unbiased, consult, reasons, legitimate expectations, reasonable

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16
Q

When will a right to be heard almost always arise?

A

In the case of forfeiture (meaning where a person is deprived of their right)

17
Q

What is the test for actual bias?

What does a finding of actual bias result in?

A

Decision maker has a financial interest or a non-financial/personal interest which is closely connected to issues raised in the decision

Decision is held to be unlawful and the decision maker is automatically disqualified

18
Q

What is the test for apparent bias?

A

If a fair minded observer informed of the facts would conclude there was a real possibility of bias, then the decision would be held unlawful

19
Q

Failure of a duty to consult only arises when:

There is a _________ duty to consult

There’s been a ________ to consult

Failure to consult would lead to ___________

A

statutory, failure, unfairness

20
Q

Failure of duty to give reason only arises when:

Subject matter is __________

The decision appears to be __________

A

important, aberrant

21
Q

In what two situations can a failure to meet legitimate expectation arise?

A
  1. Explicit promise or assurance,
  2. Previous action by a public authority
22
Q

The test for irrationality/unreasonableness of a decision:

The decision must be so __________ in its defiance of logic or of accepted ______ _________ that no _________ person who applied their mind to the question could have ever arrived at it

A

outrageous, moral standards, person

23
Q

Name 5 remedies if a JR claim is successful

A
  1. Quashing order
  2. Mandatory order
  3. Prohibiting order
  4. Injunction
  5. Declaration
24
Q

Can JR remedies be combined?

A

Yes

25
Q

Are JR remedies mandatory?

When does a court not have to grant a remedy?

A

No

If the decision has already been relied upon or the remedy would not make a difference

26
Q

Can a public authority reach the same decision if the original one is quashed and they rehear the issue?

A

Yes