L18 Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the brain stem
A
- Has traffic of messages flowing from brain to spinal cord
- All cranial nerves, OTHER then the vagus nerve, supplies the head and neck
- Controls low order functions- circulation, respiration, digestive activity
- medulla, pons, midbrain
2
Q
describe the medulla
A
- Communicates with cerebellum
- Controls heart rate, respiratory rate, vasoconstriction, swallowing etc.
3
Q
describe the pons
A
- Relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal muscle movements
- Controls respiratory
4
Q
describe the midbrain
A
- Conveys motor impulses from cerebrum to cerebellum + spinal cord
- Sends sensory impulses from spinal cord to thalamus
- Regulates auditor + visual reflexes
- Has the substantia nigra neurons + the striatum
5
Q
explain the reticular formation
A
- Represents traffic flow through the brainstem (air traffic control)
- Interconnects groups of neurons through brainstem
- Helps regulate muscle tone
- Alerts the cortex of incoming sensory signals
- Responsible for consciousness
- Role in seizures, alertness, coma
6
Q
what is damage to the pons caused by, what is it, and what syndrome does it cause?
A
caused by
○ Lesions
○ Tumours
○ Loss of myelin
○ Infection
- Inflammation
* Is complete disruption of motor fibres running from grey matter in brain, via the spinal cord
* Interrupts body muscles + damages brain stem area that control facial control, breathing, swallowing + speaking- could mean only have eye movement or blinking
- Locked in syndrome
7
Q
where is the cerebellum and what does it control
A
- Attached to upper brain stem
- Subconscious control of motor activity/movement in 3D space
- Maintaining balance with special sensors, then sends signals to body to adjust/move
- Coordinating movement- of multiple muscles so move smoothly
- Vision- eye movement
- Motor learning- help learn movements/skills (e.g. Like riding a bike)
8
Q
where is the vestibulocerebellum and what does it control
A
cerebellum
- Balance
- eye movement
- gravity perception
9
Q
where is the spinocerebellum and what does it control
A
- increases muscle tone
- coordinates skilled movement
- error detector
10
Q
where is the cerebrocerebellum and what does it control
A
- Planning/initiation of voluntary movement
11
Q
what does the diencephalon contain
A
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
12
Q
describe the thalamus
A
- Serves as a relay station for sensory info (EXCEPT smell) to cerebral cortex
- Motor control + memory
- Input from hypothalamus
13
Q
describe the hypothalamus
A
- Found below thalamus
- Controls many body activities
- Major regulators of homeostasis
- ANS
- Emotional + behavioural patterns
- Pituitary gland
14
Q
describe the epithalamus
A
- Contains pineal gland- secretes melatonin (hormone), habenular nuclei- involved in smell
15
Q
label a sagittal section of the brain
A
refer to onenote
