Auditory Display

Question 1

can communicate information redundant to
visual displays.

Answer 1

Auditory signals or displays

Question 2

may allow offloading some visual workload to the auditory channel.

Answer 2

Auditory display

Question 3

may be used in traditional alarms, in process
monitoring displays, in computer system interfaces, and even to present complex multivariate data

Answer 3

Sound

Question 4

T or F. o sounds can unintentionally be part of a system, but still convey information to a listener

Answer 4

True

Question 5

tend to elicit an alerting response, and can be detected more quickly than signals presented via other modalities.

Answer 5

Acoustic signals

Question 6

is the use of non-speech audio to convey information or perceptualize data

Answer 6

Sonification

Question 7

Percent change in audio frequeny that humans can detect

Answer 7

0.2%

Question 8

have been used to monitor factory processes, signaling a change in one of several production parameters

Answer 8

auditory displays

Question 9

two well-known successes. of uses of auditory signals

Answer 9

Geiger counter and sonar

Question 10

establish a mapping between a sound and an intended meaning, with no intrinsic relationship existing.

Answer 10

Symbolic displays

Question 11

is explicitly symbolic, as are most auditory warnings and alarms

Answer 11

speech

Question 12

contain an immediate and intrinsic relationship between the display dimension and the information that is being conveyed.

Answer 12

Analogic displays

Question 13

families of event notifications (indicating, for example, that a computer file was opened); slightly more analogic auditory icons, which are event notifiers that also reflect the details
of the events

Answer 13

earcons

Question 14

is a generic term including all intentional, nonspeech audio that is designed to transmit information between a system and a user.

Answer 14

Auditory display

Question 15

refers to a sound that alerts a user and conveys information about an
event.

Answer 15

Auditory alarm

Question 16

are usually categorical and symbolic in nature

Answer 16

alarms

Question 17

indicates the use of sound for part or all of the display of system variables and other information, usually including information about the details of the objects involved or the underlying process.

Answer 17

Auditory interface

Question 18

is the use of nonspeech audio to present data.

Answer 18

Sonification

Question 19

is the transformation of data relations into
auditory relations, for the purpose of studying and interpreting the data.

Answer 19

Sonification

Question 20

can be used as a supplement to other (usually visual) displays, as an equal part of a multimodal display, or certainly as a complete display on its own

Answer 20

Sound/ auditory displays

Question 21

recommended when multiple complex data sources need to be monitored or compared, and
when the information contains 3D aspects

Answer 21

Sound

Question 22

Another downside to auditory displays in some cases which means that sounds are not continuously present for study and
comparison.

Answer 22

Absence of Persistence

Question 23

Ensuring audibility without disrupting subsequent speech communication is the basic goal in this
situation.

Answer 23

Auditory alarms

Question 24

The primary goal for an alarm

Answer 24

to alert, notify, time or status without disruption

Question 25

may present information about the details of the event, by varying the sound parameters.

Answer 25

sophisticated alarms

Question 26

recommends measuring the ambient noise levels during system operation, and plotting noise sound pressure level (SPL, measured in dB) against noise frequency (in Hz).

Answer 26

Patterson (1982, 1990)

Question 27

The loudness of an alarm sound component at a given frequency should be set between ____ above the background noise at that frequency, but in no cases must it exceed ____ SPL

Answer 27

15 and 25 dB
90dB

Question 28

is used increasingly in human–machine interfaces to communicate more information than simple
(symbolic) alarms, but still not as much as (analogic) data sonification.

Answer 28

Sound

Question 29

sonic additions to widgets such as scroll bars and menus can assist users in making selections and choices more effectively than visual only interface elements.

Answer 29

graphical user interface (GUI)

Question 30

describes small “languages” that can be made up of patterns of two or three musical notes

Answer 30

“earcon”

Question 31

use sounds that in some way represent the actual features of objects involved in actions.

Answer 31

auditory icons

Question 32

make a sound appear to originate in a specific
position in three-dimensional (3D) auditory space

Answer 32

spatialization of sound

Question 33

an overwhelmingly visual medium, an increasingly important means of civics, communication and learning about the world

Answer 33

Social media

Question 34

the standard of Web accessibility, and many
parts of the Web-browsing experience can be made accessible through semantics

Answer 34

Text-to-speech

Question 35

transform low-level image data, like color, hue, saturation, or brightness, into auditory parameters, like timbre, pitch, or volume

Answer 35

sensory substitution devices (SSDs)

Question 36

was used to generate an automatic description of the image, list objects in the image (“tags”), identify any celebrities, and determine the coordinates and gender of any faces in the image.

Answer 36

Computer Vision system

Question 37

used to link the coordinates of each face generated by the Computer Vision system with a value for seven emotion categories

Answer 37

Emotion system

Question 38

used to determine the sentiment of the text in each post.

Answer 38

Text Analytics system

Question 39

used to read text on images

Answer 39

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

Question 40

was used to speak the text of the user name, main post, and automatically generated image
caption

Answer 40

speech

Question 41

was used to signal the sentiment and impact using acoustic cues designed to
communicate emotion

Answer 41

Sonification

Question 42

composed of short auditory icons and longer
“soundscapes” – was created from the high-level image content

Answer 42

auditory scenes

Question 43

longer in duration and were used to represent recognized actions or environments in the scene

Answer 43

Soundscapes

Question 44

Make use of pre-existing stimulus-response
relationships which may be natural, learned, or population stereotypes.

Answer 44

Compatibility

Question 45

is a basic reflex to turn to the source of a sound
(stimulus), e.g. If you want an auditory sound as a warning for a pilot, don’t put the speaker behind the person!

Answer 45

Orienting reflex

Question 46

Examples are sirens which are learned to be associated with an emergency; higher frequency = high value like a tea kettle whistle.

Answer 46

Learned

Question 47

Auditory signal that captures attention

Answer 47

Attention Demanding Signal

Question 48

Auditory signal with precise message information

Answer 48

Designation Signal

Question 49

Auditory signal must be discernible from other
noise, especially multiple auditory signals, e.g. when several phones ring in an office it’s difficult to tell which is ringing.

Answer 49

Dissociability

Question 50

Messages should be as short as possible

Answer 50

Parsimony

Question 51

Same signal or message should designate the same information in all situations to avoid confusion like that between “priority” and “emergency” information.

Answer 51

Invariance

Question 52

establish intensity relative to ambient noise levels to avoid masking.

Answer 52

Signal/noise ratio

Question 53

works best to attract attention by minimizing perceptual adaptation to monotones and increasing the detectability of the signal, e.g. Beep! Beep! Beep! is better than “Beeeeeeep”!

Answer 53

Variable Signal -

Question 54

Auditory displays are especially useful for
signaling alarms partially because noise will go around corners. “Yeows” and “Beeps” get a faster response time.

Answer 54

Warning Signals