Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Explain this procedure: Spinal fusion
- joining of 2 or more vertebrae (plural) to correct spinal deformities or to eliminate pain in degenerative disorders of the spine with the use of a bone graft
- ‘autograft’ (from the patient)
- ‘allograft’ (from bone bank)
- the graft is used in conjunction with the body’s osteoblastic processes to fuse the vertebrae
- fixation in the form of metallic screws / rods / plates or cages
Explain this disease: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
- compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist (carpal tunnel)
- results in pain, numbness and paraesthesia in the hand
- little finger and half of ring finger not affected
- pain worse at night
- pain may radiate up the arm
- common causes are repetitive movements, pregnancy and arthritis
Explain this disease: Muscular dystrophy
- inherited group of diseases that affect the muscles
- muscles weaken and break down over time
- caused by incorrect or missing genetic information that prevents the body from making the proteins it needs to build and maintain health muscles
Explain this disease: Osteoporosis
- decrease in bone density (mass)
- results in thinning and weakening of the bone
- most common in postmenopausal women as a consequence of oestrogen deficiency
- bones fracture easily because the become honeycomb like and crumble
Explain this disease: Epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
- painful syndrome affecting the elbow and radiating to the upper arm and forearm
- accentuated by repetitive grasping or strain
- inflammation at the origin of the extensor muscles of the forearm from the lateral epicondyle (a protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone, especially either of the two at the elbow end of the humerus) of the humerus
Name this condition: Forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra on the adjacent vertebra below with consequent pelvic deformity (1 medical word 17 letters)
Spondylolisthesis
spondyl/o = vertebra (vertebrae - plural)
listhesis = slipping / sliding
Name this condition: Projection from a bone, often caused by osteoarthritis (1 word 4 letters)
Spur
Name this condition: Death of bone due to a lack of blood supply to the bone (2 words ‘something’ necrosis) (AVN)
Avascular necrosis
Explain this procedure: Partial or complete removal of limbs for crushing injury, intractable pain, vascular obstruction or infection
Amputation
Name this condition: Shrinkage of palmar fascia, resulting in flexion deformity of one or more fingers (2 words, second word contracture)
Dupuytren’s contracture
NEXT INFO TO ADD IS OSTEOARTHRITIS
PAGE 21
