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IUPA > REPRO- Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

REPRO- Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Label the Image

A
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2
Q

Label the image

A
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3
Q

Outline the course of sperm production

A

Seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
Ductuli efferentes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

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4
Q

What is the capsule called that surrounds seminferious tubules?

A

Tunica Albuginea

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5
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Pouch of serous membrane which covers the testes

Consists of:
- Parietal layer
- Cavity
- Visceral layer

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6
Q

What is a hydrocoele?

A

Cavity part of tunica vaginalis fills with serous fluid

Transilluminates when torch shined here

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7
Q

What two cell types are found in the seminiferous tubule?

A

Sertoili cells
Leydig cells

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8
Q

What do sertoli cells do?

A

Strip away mucus from sperm to support spermatogenesis

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9
Q

What do leydig cells do?

A

Production of androgens, has many SER as there is lots of lipid metabolism

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10
Q

Complete the table

A
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11
Q

Label the image

A
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12
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform venous plexus?

A

Counter-current flow system to cool blood flowing to the testes

Allows spermatogenesis to occur at 35 degrees

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13
Q

What happens in testicular torsion?

A

Testes twist around their axis

Occludes drainage

This leads leads to blockage

Cell death

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14
Q

What is the treatment of testicular torsion?

A

Open the scrotum, twist it back into the original position

Suture is placed to prevent re-twisting

Done on both side as a preventative measure

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15
Q

What is a bell-clapper deformity?

A

Genetic cause

Tunica vaginalis fully invaginates the testes and part of the spermatic cord

Testes have more range of movement and can twist more easily

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16
Q

How quickly should testicular torsion be treated?

A

Within 12 hours

Otherwise will become necrotic, and potassium will enter blood stream potentially causing arrythmias

May be necessary to remove both testes if there are antigens on unaffected as immune system may attack the healthy teste leading to necrosis

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17
Q

Why are testes unable to swap sides?

A

Presence of scrotal septum

18
Q

Outline the descent of the testes

A

Testes are initially high up in the abdomen

Testes evaginate the abdominal wall as they pulled downwards by the gubernaculum

Abdominal muscles form the spermatic fascia surround the testis and its vessels

19
Q

What does the descent of the testes also lead to?

A

Formation of the inguinal canal

20
Q

What is the rule of 3 of the spermatic cord?

A

3 fascial layers
3 arteries / veins
3 nerves
3 others

21
Q

What are the 3 fascial layers of the spermatic cord and their origins?

A

External spermatic fascia- external oblique

Cremasteric fascia- internal oblique

Internal spermatic fascia- transversalis fascia

22
Q

What are the 3 arteries / veins in the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery / vein (pampiniform plexus)

Vein from the vas

Cremasteric vein

23
Q

What are the 3 nerves in the spermatic cord?

A

Autonomics- sympathetics to the vas

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve- motor to cremaster

Ilioinguinal- sensory to external genitals and upper inner thigh

24
Q

What are the 3 ‘others’ of the spermatic cord?

A

The vas

Lymphatics

Patent processus vaginalis- normally obliterates, not usually present

25
Q

Label the image

A

Water under the bridge

Ureter passes under vas deferens

26
Q

How are vasectomies carried out?

A

Incision in scrotum

Cut the vas deferens

27
Q

Label this image of the prostate

A
28
Q

Where do ejaculatory ducts join with the urethra?

A

In the prostate

29
Q

Where do prostate cancers and BPH tend to be?

A

Prostate cancers tend to be in the peripheral zone

BPH tends to affect the transitional zone

30
Q

Why are prostate cancers generally asymptomatic?

A

As they grow in the peripheral zone they do not compress the urethra

Luckily BPH tends to develop at the same time which compresses the urethra as BPH affects the transitional zone, thus causing urinary hesistancy

31
Q

What problems are faced when catheterising males?

A
  • Have to straighten the penis due to the various bends
  • External urethral sphincter can cause increased difficulty
  • More elderly patients who are more likely need catheterisation tend to have enlarged prostates compressing the urethra
  • Retraction of foreskin, remember to put back
32
Q

What are the functions of the penis?

A
  • Expulsion of urine
  • Sperm deposition
  • Removal of competitor sperm
  • Attraction
33
Q

Label the image

A
34
Q

What causes erection?

A

Parasympathetic stimulation

Vasodilation in penile arterioles, compression of veins

Terminated by vasoconstriction by sympathetics

35
Q

Why is corpus spongiosum not an erectile tissue?

A

Would cause compression of the urethra, as the urethra passes though here

36
Q

What ligament anchors the penis to the body?

A

Suspensory ligament

Attaches to the pubic symphysis

37
Q

What do corpus cavernosa and spongiosum attach to?

A

Corpus cavernosum- originates from the crus of the penis

Corpus spongiosum- originates from the bulb of the penis

38
Q

What happens in a fractured penis?

A

Tunica albuginea is ruptured

Needs to be fixed surgically to prevent occlusion and deposition of scar tissue causing the penis to become bent

39
Q

Describe the fibre arrangement in the tunica albuginea

A

Collagen fires are arranged at right angles to each other

One circumfrential, one parallel to penile long axis

40
Q

Outline the blood supply to the penis

A

From internal pudendal artery- from internal iliac

Dorsal arteries of the penis
Deep arteries of penis
Bulbourethral arteries

41
Q

What needs to be established when treating transgender men?

A

Establish if they have a cervix as cervical screening may still be necessary

42
Q

Label the image

A

IUPA (20 decks)

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