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IUPA > REPRO-Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

REPRO-Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Label the image

A
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2
Q

Why can you get sharp pains at ovulation?

A

Mature egg ruptures its follicle to leave the ovary

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3
Q

Why do nuns tend to get ovarian cancer?

A
  • Do not use contraception
  • Do not get pregnant
  • Maximum possible number of ovulations- stress to ovary leading to mutations
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4
Q

What is an ovarian cyst?

A

Fluid filled cyst on the ovary, may be benign or malignant

May twist and get torsion of ovary leading to occluded blood supply to ovary

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5
Q

Why can ovarian cysts be very dangerous?

A

When carrying out surgery to remove the cyst, it is unknown whether or not the cyst is malignant or benign

If malignant bursting the cyst may lead to seeding

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6
Q

Label the image

A
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7
Q

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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8
Q

What is the function of the fimbrae?

A

Collect egg from the ovary

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9
Q

Why can you get constipation during pregnancy?

A

Expansion of the uterus can compress the rectum or the bladder

Can lead to constipation or urinary frequency

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10
Q

Label the image

A
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11
Q

What is the difference between the external os and internal os?

A

External os- opens into the vagina
Internal os- opens into the uterus

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12
Q

What signs do you look for with cervical cancer?

A

New vessel formation - red and inflamed
Pale tissue growth
Ulceration

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13
Q

How do fornices form?

A

Cervix bulges into top of vagina and forms the fornices

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14
Q

What can happen to the abdominal viscera as pregnancy goes on?

A

Uterus expands

Stomach compressed by expanded uterus

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15
Q

Label the image

A
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16
Q

What do you need to do for all women who are experiencing abdominal pain?

A

Pregnancy test

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17
Q

Where is the egg usually fertilised?

A

Ampulla

18
Q

What happens in ectopic pregnancies?

A

Fertilised egg implants in the uterine tube

As there is an opening between the peritoneum and the uterine tubes, may get intraperitoneal ectopics

19
Q

Why is an ectopic pregnancy an emergency?

A

Fallopian tubes are unable to expand and cannot accommodate a growing foetus

Can rupture leading to major haemorrhaging

20
Q

What cells are present within the fallopian tubes which help with fertilisation?

A

Peg cells- secrete nutrients and supportive factors for sperm

Cilia- waft eggs down to uterus, if immotile increases risk of ectopic pregnancy

21
Q

What do the uterine tubes open into?

A

Peritoneal cavity

22
Q

How can we check the patency of fallopian tubes?

A

Inject dye into the uterus, as the uterine tubes open into the peritoneal cavity the dye will leak, if there is no leak there must be a blockage

23
Q

What pouches are formed as a result of the broad ligament?

A

Pouch of douglas / rectouterine pouch

Vesicouterine pouch

24
Q

What ligaments are present in the uterus?

A

Broad ligament- Peritoneal fold
Round ligament- Remnant of the gubernaculum
Ligament of ovary- Remnant of the gubernaculum
Suspensory ligament of the ovary-neruovascular pathway bulging into peritoneum

25
Q

What are the different parts of the broad ligament?

A

All mesentries
Mesovarium- attaches to the hilum of the ovary

Mesosalpinx- encloses the fallopian tubes and connects to the ovary

Mesothelium- surrounds the uterus and encloses the round ligament

26
Q

What does the ovarian ligament do?

A

Connects the ovaries to the uterus

27
Q

What does the suspensory ligament do?

A

Connects the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall

Contains neurovascular bundles

Formed by tenting of the peritoneum

28
Q

What does the round ligament do?

A

Connects the uterine horns to the labia majora by passing through the inguinal canal

Keeps the uterus anteriorly due to tension pulling it forward, in pregnancy excess tension can cause pain in the labia majora

29
Q

Label the image

A
30
Q

Where does the ovarian artery originate from?

A

Abdominal aorta

31
Q

Where do the uterine and vaginal arteries originate from?

A

Internal iliac artery

32
Q

Complete the table

A
33
Q

How do you describe the position of the uterus and vagina?

A

Anterverted and anteflexed

Anteversion- angle between cervix and vagina

Anteflexion- angle between cervix and uterus

34
Q

What are the different positions of uterus?

A

Ante-flexed
< 180 degrees

A for acute, acute angles under 90, so definitely less than 180

Retro-flexed
> 180 degrees

35
Q

What cells line the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous - to withstand abrasion

Has vacuoles filled with glycogen

36
Q

Why does the vagina have vacuoles filled with glycogen?

A

Nutrients for lactobacilli to maintain low pH

Allows for self-cleaning

37
Q

Label the image

A

Glans Clitoris and prepuce is the very top part
Vestibule (space inside of labia minora)

38
Q

What is female genital mutilation?

A

Removal of parts of the vulva

39
Q

What needs to be considered when treating a transgender woman?

A

Trans women usually have a prostate, meaning woman may suffer from symptoms of BPH and/ or prostate cancer

40
Q

Label the image

A

IUPA (20 decks)

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