Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind

Question 2

phenomenology

Answer 2

How things seem to the conscious person.

Question 3

problem of other minds

Answer 3

The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.

Question 4

mind/body problem

Answer 4

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.

Question 5

cocktail party phenomenon

Answer 5

A phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby.

Question 6

minimal consciousness

Answer 6

A low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior.

Question 7

full consciousness

Answer 7

Consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state.

Question 8

self-consciousness

Answer 8

A distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object.

Question 9

mental control

Answer 9

The attempt to change conscious states of mind.

Question 10

thought suppression

Answer 10

The conscious avoidance of a thought.

Question 11

rebound effect of thought suppression

Answer 11

The tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression.

Question 12

ironic processes of mental control

Answer 12

Mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them.

Question 13

dynamic unconscious

Answer 13

An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces.

Question 14

repression

Answer 14

A mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness

Question 15

cognitive unconscious

Answer 15

The mental processes that give rise to the person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person.

Question 16

subliminal perception

Answer 16

A thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving.

Question 17

altered states of consciousness

Answer 17

Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.

Question 18

circadian rhythm

Answer 18

A naturally occurring 24-hour cycle of sleeping and waking.

Question 19

REM sleep

Answer 19

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity.

Question 20

insomnia

Answer 20

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.

Question 21

sleep apnea

Answer 21

A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.

Question 22

somnambulism

Answer 22

Occurs when the person arises and walks around while asleep.

Question 23

narcolepsy

Answer 23

A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities.

Question 24

sleep paralysis

Answer 24

The experience of waking up unable to move.

Question 25

night terrors

Answer 25

(or sleep terrors) Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal.

Question 26

activation-synthesis model

Answer 26

The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep.

Question 27

psychoactive drugs

Answer 27

A chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system.

Question 28

drug tolerance

Answer 28

The tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect.

Question 29

depressants

Answer 29

Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system.

Question 30

expectancy theory

Answer 30

The idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations.

Question 31

alcohol myopia

Answer 31

A condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations.

Question 32

stimulants

Answer 32

Substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels.

Question 33

narcotics or opiates

Answer 33

Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain.

Question 34

hallucinogens

Answer 34

Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.

Question 35

marijuana

Answer 35

The leaves and buds of the hemp plant.

Question 36

hypnosis

Answer 36

An altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one’s actions are occurring involuntarily.

Question 37

hypnotic analgesia

Answer 37

The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.

Question 38

meditation

Answer 38

The practice of intentional contemplation.