endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

exocrine gland

A

glands that secrete their product through ducts onto body surfaces into the spaces within organs, or into a body cavity

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2
Q

endocrine gland

A

a gland that lacks ducts and releases its hormones into the fluid just outside the cell

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3
Q

endocrine system

A

the organ system along with the nervous system that functions in internal communication

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4
Q

hormones

A

a chemical messenger released by cells of the endocrine system that travels through the circulatory system to affect receptive target cells

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5
Q

target cell

A

a cell with receptors that recognize and bind a specific hormone

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6
Q

liquid soluble hormone

A

hormone that moves easily through the plasma membrane of cells and combines with receptors inside target cells

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7
Q

steroid hormones

A

a group of closely related hormones chemically derived from cholesterol

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8
Q

water soluble hormones

A

a hormone that cannot pass through the plasma membrane on its own so it influences the target cells indirectly through second messenger systems

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9
Q

first messenger

A

water soluble hormone that binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane of a target cell

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10
Q

second messengers

A

a molecule in the cytoplasm of a cell that is activated when a water soluble hormone binds to a receptor on the surface of the cell

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11
Q

negative feedback mechanisms

A

the homeostatic mechanisms in which the outcome of a process feeds back on the system shutting down the process

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12
Q

positive feedback mechanisms

A

the mechanisms by which the outcome of a process feeds back on the system further stimulating the process

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13
Q

pituitary gland

A

the endocrine organ connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk
consists of the anterior and posterior lobes

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14
Q

hypothalamus

A

a small brain region located below the thalamus that is essential to maintaining a stable environment within the body

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15
Q

neurosecretory cells

A

specialized neurons that generate and transmit nerve impulses and make and secrete hormones

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16
Q

releasing hormones

A

a hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary gland

17
Q

inhibiting hormones

A

a hormone produced by the hypothalamus that inhibits hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary gland

18
Q

growth hormone

A

an anterior pituitary hormone with the primary function of stimulating growth