Lesson 13 Transformation in Europe Flashcards
Counter-Reformation
a movement to revive and defend Catholicism in response to the Reformation
Denomination
a religious group or movement within a larger religion sharing a common interpretation of that religion
Enlightenment
an intellectual movement of the 18th century that applied scientific methods to the study of society and government
Excommunication
expulsion from a church or religious community
geocentric theory
the idea that Earth is the center of the solar system or universe
heliocentric theory
the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system, with Earth and the other planets revolving around it
heresy
holding religious beliefs that contradict the teachings of the church
Humanism
a Renaissance philosophy emphasizing the worth of the individual and balancing religious faith with secular learning
indulgence
an official church pardon that relieved Catholics from punishment for sins
Natural Rights
rights that belong to people “by nature,” simply because they are human beings
Perspective
a painting or drawing technique that gives the appearance of depth on a flat surface
Protestants
a Christian who separated from the Catholic Church during the Reformation; today, any member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation
Reformation
a reform movement of the 1500s that split the Catholic Church and gave birth to the Protestant religion
Renaissance
a flowering of culture, based on classical Greek and Roman ideas, that began in Italy in around 1300 and later spread throughout Europe
Scientific method
a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific assumptions
