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Science Final Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic variation

A

Differences in physical traits

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2
Q

Mutation

A

A change in the organism’s DNA

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3
Q

Gene flow

A

Movements of alleles from one population to another

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4
Q

Genetic drift

A

Changes in allele frequencies due to chance

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5
Q

Evolution

A

The process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors

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6
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species

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7
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

When closely related species evolve in different directions

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8
Q

Coevolution

A

The process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other

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9
Q

Macroevolution

A

Evolution of groups larger than an individual; evolution above species

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10
Q

Hardy Weinberg Equation

A

Used to predict genotype frequencies in a population

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11
Q

Physical features of primates

A
  1. Flexible hands and feet
  2. Forward-looking eyes
  3. Enlarged brains relative to body size
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12
Q

Shortest unit in the geological time scale

A

Epochs (EHP-uhks)

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13
Q

Cladogram

A

Shows patterns of shared traits

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14
Q

Viruses

A

An infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

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15
Q

Phages infect what type of cell

A

Bacteria

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16
Q

Lytic infections

A

An infection pathway in which the host cell bursts, releasing new viral offspring into the host’s system

17
Q

Vaccine

A

A substance that stimulates the body’s immune response against invasion by microbes

18
Q

Antibiotics and bacteria

A

Antibiotics - chemicals that kill or slow the growth of bacteria

19
Q

Levels of Organization

A
  1. Cells
  2. Tissues
  3. Organs
  4. Organ systems
  5. Organism
20
Q

Body Anatomy

A

Brains, lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach, intestines

21
Q

11 organ systems in the body

A
  1. Circulatory
  2. Digestive
  3. Endocrine
  4. Excretory
  5. Immune
  6. Integumentary
  7. Muscular
  8. Nervous
  9. Reproductive
  10. Respiratory
  11. Skeletal

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